Liquisolid Techniques Lab Report

In reactions, this law says that the mass of the original substance is the same after going through a reaction. This is shown with balanced chemical equations. It is needed so that the mass of the product is equivalent to the mass of the reactants. Mole ratio is the ratio of moles of one substance to the moles of another substance in a balanced equation. Mole ratio is considered a conversion factor since it helps to convert units with the use of moles.

One error that could have affected the percent yield is not filtering out all of the liquid from the filter paper in the funnel before setting it off to dry. This would have increased the final mass of the solid, not making it accurate. To stop this from happening again, the liquid could be drained more thoroughly until it fully stops dripping into the Erlenmeyer flask. Another error that could have affected the percent yield is the amount of trials performed. This would have made the results less accurate and made any errors change the final results even more.

The purpose of this lab is to observe the reaction between hydrochloric acid and magnesium metal. When the substances are reacted over water, the products produced are a salt in aqueous solution and a gas. While the salt remains in the water as part of a solution, the gas produced will float to the top. Though water vapor pressure will affect the pressure of the gas in the eudiometer, it is possible to apply Dalton’s law of partial pursues to find the dry pressure of the gas. When the dry pressure is determined, the volume of the gas at STP can then be determined and what the experimental volume of one mole of the gas would be at STP.

1.1Liquisolid Systems Technology Many recently developed drugs are poorly water soluble compounds, which cause difficulties in the development of solid dosage forms with good bioavailability(1). The therapeutic effect of the drug is reliant on the bioavailability which in turn relies on the solubility and dissolution rate of the drug, therefore; solubility is the most important factor to get the required concentration of drug in the systemic circulation for therapeutic response to be attained(2). For different poorly soluble medications, bioavailability is limit via the dissolution rate. Furthermore, the majority of the lipophilic drug molecules are sparingly soluble, slightly soluble, very slightly soluble and practical insoluble drugs. For each drug substances mentioned above the dissolution is the rate.limiting step; therefore, enhancing the dissolution rate is the challenge to enhance the absorption of

If only one reactant is increased, then the chemical reaction will only produce a certain amount of products after the limiting reagent is used up, and in this experiment, the most mass the reaction could produce was 0.4 grams. Although we kept adding calcium chloride, not adding sodium hydroxide in the same proportions will not yield more product, which is the main goal in conducting this lab. We should have seen a plateau at 0.4 grams to show that the limiting reagent inhibited further Ca(OH)2 production, but we made several mistakes in our experiment, which made the data unusable to conclude. Once again, the data is polluted, so these number are not accurate, but it is the data our group has to work with. The theoretical yield should have been more than the actual yield, and the percentages should have been less than 100.

(see table #2) The mixture with the bean water caused the solution to not be as concentrated, limiting the amount of oligosaccharides that the alpha galactosidase can break down, therefore resulting in a small amount of glucose concentration. The highest stand standard deviation is at 4 mL of alpha galactosidase, which is 185.742. The lowest standard deviation is at 0 mL and 1 mL of alpha galactosidase, which is 0. Since error bars are not all overlapping, it shows that there was a significant difference (see figure #3). However, the R squared value is 0.929, meaning that it is close to fitting the line of best fit.

This conclusion can be drawn because of celery’s large drop in pH and the data’s resemblance to the water data meaning celery cannot hydrolyze ions and keep a constant pH. Liver’s pH only changed by .47 which is not a dramatic change and can fall within scientific error and strongly relates to the alka seltzer data. Which, leads to the conclusion that liver does contain a buffer and is able to keep the same amount of hydrogen when acid is added. In conclusion, celery does not contain a buffer to keep pH constant and liver does have a buffer and can hydrolyze

Based on the alternate hypothesis that suggested pumpkin seeds would release the most energy, the results shown support the statement. Although the pumpkin seeds are shown to have a higher energy content than the croutons, there was no drastic difference between the mean or total energy content of both, therefore the null hypothesis can not be entirely refuted. It is evident how the calorific content of the foods are dependent on their constituent molecules, yet the alternate hypothesis was based on the premise that lipids contained more calories per gram than carbohydrates, thus lipids would release more energy. Yet there is not enough evidence to suggest that the alternate hypothesis is correct since the lipid and carbohydrate content of

Kidney stones are caused by a variety of things, but supersaturation is ultimately the cause of kidney stones. Supersaturation occurs when urine contains more waste products like calcium, oxalate, urate, cystine, xanthine, phosphate than it can dilute. It makes sense that the most common cause of kidney stones is not drinking enough water because your urine cannot be diluted properly. Another cause of kidney stones that is controllable is diet. Not getting enough calcium in your diet can lead to kidney stones.

If you are completely new to the vape world and was wondering what vaping is like, here’s another way of putting it in words. Technically, the e-liquid comes packed in different nicotine strengths categorized in milligrams: ultra-light which is 6mg, medium which is 12mg, regular which is 18mg, and strong which is 24mg. There is even 0mg which contains no nicotine for those who just want to vape minus the nicotine hit. Stronger nicotine will result in a stronger throat sensation. This is more commonly known as a “throat hit” or “kick”.