Differences Between RNA And DNA
1a. Review: Describe three main differences between RNA and DNA.
The three main differences between RNA and DNA are as follows: RNA has the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose, which DNA has, RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded, and RNA uses uracil instead of thymine.
1b. Explain: List the three types of RNA, and explain what they do.
The three types of RNA are mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. mRNA carries the instructions to create proteins from DNA in the nucleus to ribosomes. rRNA forms a part of both subunits on a ribosome, in which proteins are assembled. tRNA take amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.
1c. Infer: Why is it important for a single gene to be able to produce hundreds or thousands of
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Review: What happens during translation?
In translation, the ribosome uses the base sequences in mRNA to create amino acids, which are brought by tRNA, and connect them into a polypeptide chain. Once each tRNA molecule is used, it exits the ribosome and could be reused for protein synthesis.
3a. Review: Why is the genetic code considered universal?
The genetic code is considered universal, because all organisms use the same genetic code, since every code is read three bases at a time.
3b. Explain: What does the term gene expression mean?
Gene expression is the way DNA, RNA, and proteins are involved in assembling genetic information into action within organisms.
3c. Infer: In what way does controlling the proteins in an organism control the organism’s characteristics?
Controlling the proteins in an organism controls the organism’s characteristics by regulating certain conditions and chemical reactions, which shape our character.
Questions 1-2; Page 376
1a. Review: Describe the two main types of mutations.
The two main types of mutations are gene mutations and chromosomal mutations. Gene mutations are mutations that are involved with changes within one or few nucleotides. Chromosomal mutations are involved with the changes in the number or structure of chromosomes, which can change the location of genes on chromosomes as well as change the number of copies of some
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