Literature Review: Down Syndrome
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Literature review is an assessment report of the studies found in the current literature that comply with the selected research area. Literature review is an essential part of the research. In order to successfully conduct this research, a good literature review is needed to gain more relevant information. There are lots of sources available for literature review such as journal articles, books, online materials, websites and others. Before we conduct the research, we should access to the relevant sources of information in this area. In this study, the literature review mainly focuses on the models and theories of persuasive design, teaching methods, and courseware related information. 2.1 Down …show more content…
Thus, it is important to study the definition of Down syndrome especially in the early education field. It is important to understand their learning problems and behaviour first in order to design a courseware model for them. Besides, the condition and statistic of Down syndrome should be analysed too in this section in order to understand the needs of the research and the research direction. 2.1.1 Down Syndrome in Malaysia Down syndrome is categorized as one of the types of learning difficulties in Malaysia’s education system. According to a report produced by National Early Childhood Intervention Council (2013) that obtained from Malaysia Ministry of Health, Family Health Development Division, the statistic on registration of children with special needs is defined. Table 2.1 below shows the number of registered cases from year 2004 to 2012. However, this statistic is not fully conclusive as it is dependent on the children disability being shown or manifesting during the medical examination. Table 2.1: Registration of children with special needs (National Early Childhood Intervention Council, 2013) Year Number of children registered 2004 …show more content…
They can be identified through several symptoms and characteristics. Children with Down syndrome can be identified through the following symptoms as shown in Table 2.5. Table 2.5: Types of symptoms and description Types of symptoms Symptoms Physical symptoms (Bull, 2011; Down syndrome, 2012) • Poor muscle tone • Short neck with excessive skin at the back of the neck • Flattened nose • Small head, • Small mouth • Small ears • Upward slanting eyes • Brushfield spots on the eye • Wide and short hands • Deep groove between 1st and 2nd toes. Intellectual and Developmental Symptoms (Bull, 2011; Down syndrome, 2012; Ulrich et al., 2011; CDC, 2012) • Poor concentration skills • Poor decision making skills • Slow learners • Delay in language and speech development • Impulsive behaviour • Slow early development such as sit, stand and
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1650 Words | 7 PagesA case is presented at the hospital of a 2-month-old child, diagnosed with down syndrome, and currently recovering from a case of bronchiolitis. The child, Elisa, is also diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot, and she will undergo surgery to correct this defect once she has had time to recover from her bronchiolitis. Elisa is the sixth child or Maria and Hector. She has three brothers and two sisters who range in age from 10 to 25 years old.
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733 Words | 3 PagesOf course, the condition will most likely involve a heart problem, which is discovered at birth, along with a webbed neck, chest deformities, many birth marks, also known as café-au-lait spots, and a short stature. The features of this syndrome are not fully known, considering the fact that there are numerous characteristics and no two infected individuals have the same exact features. Like in most other disease cases, there are lists of more minor symptoms that can occur in an individual. In infants and newborns, feeding problems are present, due to a poor sucking reflex. Behavioral problems and developmental delays can occur, which causes the individual to achieve milestones slower, such as sitting and walking.
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477 Words | 2 PagesUsually they require a speech therapist from a very young age. They may also find it easier to use simple sign language as a means of talking and this is known as a ‘Lamh’. Down syndrome children usually have mild learning disabilities which may mean when it comes to school they may need to be accompanied by a special needs assistant. As well as this they have short attention spans and therefore can only learn things within short sessions.
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1962 Words | 8 PagesDown syndrome is a condition which extra genetic material slows down the way in which an individual develops, both physically and mentally. As stated by the NHS; each individual with down syndrome is affected differently and can vary, some may need a lot of medical assistance whereas others may lead a normal healthy lifestyle but share similar characteristics. Delayed development: All service users with down syndrome has some degree of learning difficulty and delayed development, however, this varies between each individual. Having down syndrome they may experience some health problems which may effect them in every day life. However yet again each individual is different some may have more health problems than others.
Rett's Syndrome Research Paper
1299 Words | 6 PagesRett’s Syndrome Kelsey Leroux Child Development CYC 101 Lenore Simbulan October 14, 2016 Rett’s Syndrome Rett’s syndrome is defined by the Ontario Rett’s Syndrome Association (ORSA) as “a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by the loss of the spoken language and hand use, coupled with the development of distinctive hand stereotypies… It is usually caused by a mutation of the MECP2 gene on the x chromosome” (2016). Rett’s syndrome is considered by medical experts as a rare genetic neurological and developmental disorder that affects the way the brain develops causing a progressive inability to use muscles for speech, and eye and body movements. Most babies seem to develop normally until about six to eighteen months old. Rett’s
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936 Words | 4 PagesThis could affect the way they interact in the classroom and their ability to develop. An example of a physical disability that could affect the way children develop is Cerebal palsy, this is a condition that affects the movement, posture and co-ordination of a person. They could just be affected physically or they may have seizure, epilepsy or difficulties with speech and language as
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653 Words | 3 PagesThe article, “Prenatal Tests puts Down Syndrome in Hard Focus,” begins with a soft lead. It focuses on Sarah Itoh, a child with Down syndrome. I found this to be effective because of the nature of this article, it is talking about a child with Down syndrome and it shows off a little bit of her personality. The nut graph of the article comes after the author describes that Sarah likes school and how Math was hard, but it is getting better. I believe the nut graph is: “Until this year, only pregnant women 35 and older were routinely tested to see if their fetuses had the extra chromosome that causes Down syndrome.
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612 Words | 3 Pages• Mild learning disabilities. • Impulsive behaviors that are difficult to control. • Tantrums. • Overactivity. DIAGNOSIS Sotos syndrome may be diagnosed soon after birth or later in childhood if developmental delays occur.
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996 Words | 4 PagesThe brain and central nervous system problems, with a child on the spectrum, will include issues such as: poor coordination, balance, memory, attention, processing speed, reasoning, intellect, judgment, mood regulation, and difficulties with hyperactivity. Even though this list of challenges is long, it is important to know that there are just as many social and behavioral problems as well. Children with FAS tend to have difficulty in school. Their ability to stay on task and set goals, such as research papers present a large challenge to children with FAS. They also have poor social skills, causing trouble getting along with others.
Occupational Therapy Assessment Paper
1345 Words | 6 PagesThe occupational therapy assessments tool used were the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale 2 (PMDS 2) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale. The performance areas assessed within the PMDS 2 were the grasp, visual motor, object manipulation, standing activities and locomotion. The areas divided into 15 categories namely relating to people, imitation, emotional response, body use, object use, adaptation to change, visual response, listening response, taste smell and touch response and use, fear or nervousness, verbal communication, nonverbal communication, activity level, level and consistency of intellectual response, and general impressions. 2. Child’s History (child initials, general demographics, social history, growth and development, social /health habits, family history, and current condition to include chief complaint, functional status, and medication M was born on November 8th 2009 and weighed lbs.
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1032 Words | 5 PagesIntroduction: An unknown author once said “Having a child with Down syndrome is like taking the scenic route. You still get where you are going. It may take a little longer, but it will be well worth the trip!” (Moyer, 2012).
Nt1310 Unit 1 Writing Assignment
852 Words | 4 PagesIn 1866, John Langdon Down, a British physician, identified a group of people whose symptoms were very similar. These were: eyes that were upwardly slanting, a flattened back of the head, and fissured and poorly controlled tongues. The term “mongolism” was coined to describe these people with Down’s Syndrome. In 1959, Jerome Lejeune identified the disorder as a chromosomal condition. He saw that those with the condition had 47 chromosomes in their cells instead of the normal 46.
Nt1310 Unit 6 Assessment
352 Words | 2 PagesKnowing their needs is important to adapt the practices and to respect them as individuals. According to the author (Raymond, 2012), the perception of the students about the services they receive determine the outcome of the education efforts. For that, the teachers ' role is to guarantee that the student does not feel inferior, unequal, wich would be the negative conotation of the special education placement (Raymond, 2012). Instead of focusing on their difficulties, teachers should focus on reducing the gaps with more inclusive
Physical Therapy Observation
756 Words | 4 PagesI observed a four year old girl that was tiny for her age. She worked on proprioceptive and vestibular input like the other children. One major difference is that her condition has not been diagnosed. The doctor suspect a chromosome issue, but her family has not gone for additional testing. Although she can recognize shapes, colors, and letters, she is still delayed.
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905 Words | 4 PagesSome DS kids continue to live at home and are able to hold jobs just like anybody else. They still are successful individuals in communities. Conclusion: Down syndrome is a wide range of development delays and physical disabilities caused by a genetic
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