Literature Review: Illegal Hunting

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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 Illegal hunting
Illegal hunting is any activity that directly results in the illegal removal of wildlife from the population (including shooting, trapping, poisoning, theft and animal cruelty against wild animal laws) (Bischof 2015) , through the use of traditional hunting methods such as bow and arrows, snares, pitfalls, driving on to wetlands, catapult, dogs, spears, fire, machetes, gathering by hand, blow pipes, gin-traps net drives, crossbows and dazzling by torchlight(Tumusiime, Eilu et al. 2010, Gandiwa 2011, Gandiwa, Heitkönig et al. 2013) and modern hunting methods such as the use of poisons.

2.2 Global origin of illegal hunting
Illegal hunting is a serious issue that has detrimental effects around the globe on wildlife conservation and management (Gavin, Solomon et al. 2010, Ayling 2013). It dates back to the middle Ages. It actually started in Europe by 1700s by poor people as …show more content…

In Uganda, massive illegal hunting reduced large mammal populations by over 90% in the 1970”s(Lamprey and Mugisha 2009). In Tanzania, illegal Hunting has dramatically reduced populations of Buffalo (Syncerus caffer), giraffe (Giraffe camelopardalis), Impala (Aespyceros melampus) and Topi (Damiliscus korrigum)(Campbell and Borner 1995). Threat from illegal hunting is different amongst species due to size and availability of the species(Clarke and Cornish 2001). For example, high proportion of impala being poached may be attributed to its smaller body size and their availability in disturbed habitats as well as easy handling by illegal hunters relative to big animals like zebras and wildebeest(Clarke and Cornish

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