LITERATURE REVIEW
a. What is vocabulary?
As it was noted by Wilkins and Harmers (2002) “Without grammar very little can be coveyed, without vocabulary nothing can be conveyed”, vocabulary is the basic component of language proficiency and it defines learners’ competence to read, speak, write and listen. (Richardson and Renandya, 2002:255). According to Thorbury (2002:13), language performance, particularly English, will improve significantly if learner learns more words. He states that people can say very little with grammar, but they can say whatever they want with a word. At the very first stages of learning a foreign language, people infer the meaning of a sentence by the means of its vocabulary. Further, vocabulary knowledge determines learners’ ability to understand while listening to different speeches, such as
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Initial step in developing a theoretical reasoning for using songs in the classroom is to identify existing reasons teachers and researchers provide. Extracts from the literature show wһy teachers and researchers find using songs effective. These results include affective, cognitive and linguistic reasons.
Affective Reasons
Affective Filter Hypothesis is one of the five hypotheses developed by Steven Krashen. Basically, it is an explanation of how psychological and emotional factors influence language learning. It is particularly related to teachers’ attitude as it provides constructive reasons why some learners are more successful in learning than others.
A Krashen (1983) state that for learning to take place learner’s affective filter needs to be low. If it is high, the learner is afraid of being engaged in language, consequently blocking acquiring process and understanding what is being taught. In this sense, songs are considered as one of the preferable ways of keeping affective filter low, promoting stress-free learning
Frank Ocean once said, “When you 're happy, you enjoy the music. But when you 're sad, you understand the lyrics.” Why does one have to be sad to “understand the lyrics”? Evaluating a song and being given the ability to relate enhances one’s respect for the composer. For example, when one first listens to “Danny’s Song” by Kenny Loggins, they probably believe the song is about love, however, once a person analyzes the lyrics the realize that the song is actually a story of a couple who are having a baby boy.
I listen to rock and punk music when I'm feeling anxious or exercising, soft rock when I am driving in my car on rainy days, and showtunes and pop music when I am in a good mood and feeling expressive. However, I appreciate and enjoy classical music and even some rap and country tunes, and I'd like to think that any piece of music that is intricately written and has a lot of thought put into it is worth praising. I also think that students can receive their own sense of euphoria when they perform with other people, such as when their band seamlessly completes the most difficult of a piece or their choir's chord rings effortlessly throughout a cathedral. As a teacher, I think it is important to activate each student's individualized physiological response by incorporating all types of music into their curriculum, from the most ancient and complex to the most
Because “a concept that is easy to convey in one language may be impossible in another, simply because the vocabulary isn’t there” as stated in the interview Does Language Shape The Way We See The World? spoken by Guy Deutscher. To get a better understanding of what he said, in the article How Does Our Language Shape The Way We Think? by Lera Boroditsky she talks about a sentence and states “Suppose you want to say, ‘Bush read Chomsky’s latest book.’
(Beah 199) in celebration of their successes and healing. By sharing such intimate stories, memories, feelings, and songs, barriers were broken allowing the children to realize that they were not alone and can help each other heal. Music is one of the few things that can trigger both a emotional and a mental response, being able to cause the listener to feel happy, yet also remind the listener of a specific time in their lives. Music can bring people together, and ultimately reveal the child in all of us.
In my opinion, the study Babies And Beethoven: Infants Can Tell Happy Songs From Sad that demonstrates that from 5-month-old on, children can recognize an upbeat tune is astonishing. The babies ' reaction was from, "Ode to Joy" from Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, from a lineup of gloomier compositions. It seems that by 9 months, children can do the inverse and select the sad sound of Beethoven's Seventh Symphony from a pack of upbeat pieces. Brigham Young University psychology professor and study author Ross Flom feel that these musical tests offer another case of how children understand the world much sooner than they can talk. Babies perceive feelings and for them a song is the message.
My Theme Song Songs can connect with how we feel and our experiences. Music has been a major part of my life ever since I was just a toddler. For me music has helped me express what I am feeling and who I am as a person. My therapy has been music, it has helped me through almost every problem I have faced. With listening to the song lyrics, we can get a true understanding of what the artist is trying to tell us.
I will use this in my paper by using it as evidence when I explain that Spanish-language music affects the development of self-identity in a university setting where they are uncommon. It can help student balance their cultures and shape their
Since, music is considerable as the useful tool and it makes things seems easier for people just by listening to it while concentrating or working on things. It is obvious that music is the best tool in relieving from stress and one study shows that music improves the performance of people at their work or children in school more effectively compared to their performance without music. Music does not just relaxing people but there are many benefits on the development of children with their brain, behavior, intellectual and cognitive that leads children to grow further than they could without music (Silberg, n.d.). This topic was interesting to work and conduct researches on because
This is because music has a powerful impact to human’s emotions
Semantics is the understanding and the usage of words. It has been described by the teachers that Alexander had learnt many words and the family played a factor in speaking with
Reason to listen: I think it’s safe to say that all of you have listened to or heard music at one point of your life, but did you know music influences and manipulates us more than we know? III. Thesis Statement: Today I am going to tell you about an aspect of human culture that appears just about everywhere you go: music. IV. Credibility Statement: Being a big music lover, I was curious about how much music really affected me, and hence my research began.
In this essay I will discuss the importance of following children’s interests, the stages of development and the importance of adult providing appropriate opportunities for the children to be creative. Also I discussed the benefit of music. Schemas form part of Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Schemas are an organised way of making sense of experiences. While going through the different stages of development children will go through a stage of accommodation this is creating new schemas and adjusting old schemas as old schemas do not capture the environment correctly.
Some studies showed that people who listened to classical music performed worse in memory tests than those who didn’t” (See). We do know that some children and adults seem to be calmer and more engaged when music is incorporated into learning. People feel that this does impact the individual. Some people do not believe that arts in education are beneficial, but others feel that they are very monumental is
Listening to music gives humans huge amount of benefits towards their personal life. A lot of students listen to music to, help reduce stress, boost up their mood and provides motivation in their daily life. Music is an art of sound in time that expresses ideas and affection in significant forms through the components of rhythm, melody, harmony, and colour. Some students use music to overcome the emotional effects of stress or anxiety when engaged in their leisure time, such as studying for a test or quiz, completing homework or assignments that they were given by teachers or lecturers, or while reading and writing. Most of the student choose to listen to their favorite genre of music when they study or do their homework without understanding
Grammar is a system and structure of language. To me grammar is more than just knowing the rules and standards; it is being able to apply them in writing. Growing up I was taught all of the grammar rules through many grammar worksheets. However, my Pedagogical Grammar class gave me a new outlook on how to teach grammar. I will use strategies learned from my peers, research, experience, and my grammar class to explain how I will teach my students grammar.