Literature Review: Literature Related To Tourism In Malaysia

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction

Literature can be defined as a documentation of a comprehensive review of the published and unpublished work form secondary resources of data in the areas of specific interest to the researcher. The resources of literature review can come from journals, academic books, research reports, newspaper, magazines and other relevant materials. Past research related to tourism in general will be discussed first in this part. Next are followed by environmental management system, solid waste management, environment lows and policies and employees’ perception about waste management.

This part also could be a summary or synopsis for this research. It is presents the evaluative information of past researchers,

For instance, the Environmental Quality Order 1989, the National Forestry Act 1984, and the National Parks Act 1980. However, the author said that these laws and policies have not been properly implemented because of some problems such as weak enforcement, non-coordination and customary attitudes.

Nevertheless, the administrative system at urban government is normally at the lower. Hence, while it can formulate local policies which impinge on environmental matters, it must also take into account and be affected by the environments policies of regional (federal) and national government. As a result, the implications for the urban environment can be magnified if at each level of authority, inadequate weight is given to the environmental effects of policy formulation on successively lower tiers. (J, Button, & Pearce, 1989)

From that, we can see that environment laws and policies should develop and matching. Through that, the government has introduced many policies regarding the environment which many business runners need to practice

O., Longe, O. O., and Ukpebor, E. F. (2009) that individual’s perception will influence the cultural values, responses and success of the solid waste management system. Perception is important in understanding the human behaviour and can influence the needs. From that, we can see that individuals’ perception is important in an organization because it is can determine whether the waste management systems success or not. Moreover, perception is the process through which the information from outside environment is selected, received, organised and interpreted to make it meaningful. Then, the input of meaningful information can make the decision making and produce action.

Macawile, J., and Su, G. S. (2009) studied about local government officials’ perceptions and attitudes towards the solid waste problem. The authors identified that respondents’ perception, attitudes and primary concern of why they engage in waste management is because they value cleanliness and they also want to mitigate the possible disease occurrences. Thus, sustainable waste management is a joint responsibility of the government and its community