Literature Review Of Attribution Theory

Participation in the SIMSOC program permitted our class as a whole to experience the role of a citizen in a simulated society where each decision made by any individual in a region affects the whole society. Our society was divided into four regions, comprised of Red, Green, Yellow and Blue regions. Since there was no programmed outcome for the simulated society, the success or the failure of the society completely depended on every decision made by the participants (Gamson, 2000). Also SIMSOC enforces some rules and regulations upon its participants and the participants or citizens of the society are faced with some issues like abuse of power, justice, diversity, trust, and leadership as they negotiated their way through the simulated society

In the movie, Philadelphia, psychologists are able to apply: attribution theory, self-verification theory, social identity theory, cognitive dissonance, and drive theory to explain the behavior of some people.

As a Psychology major, I am taught to analyze people in an objective and holistic way. More than once, all humans tend to fall into the trap of the fundamental attribution error. The FAE is the claim that, in contrast to interpretations of their own behavior, people place undue emphasis on internal characteristics of the agent (character or intention), rather than external factors, in explaining another person’s behavior. This means that people tend to accuse a person's errors on internal factors, instead of how external factors can lead to errors. As I was reading “I’d Rather Smoke Than Kiss,” an essay by Florence King, I realized that during the initial analysis, I was committing the fundamental attribution error, and so were many of my peers. The fundamental

The attribution theory is a theory that proposes that people attempt to understand the behaviour of others by associating it with either situational (external) or dispositional (internal) factors. While this an interesting and popular theory, it has been discovered that when attributing behaviour, we often make errors, as we are more biased and judgemental than we would like to think. The two attribution errors that I will bring up in this essay are The Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) and the Self-Serving Bias (SSB).

If we were to pick at and examine these socially influenced relationships from a Functionalist Theorist’s point of view, which was developed with the aid of H. Spencer, E. Durkheim, T.

Parkinson’s disease is a “disorder of the nervous system that affects movement” (Staff, 2015), but does not have an acute onset. Usually symptoms start with a slight tremor in the hands and then slowly progresses to other parts of the body (Staff, 2015). Even though most people have fast, shaking, movements, Parkinson’s can also cause stiffness or slow movements. According to Mayo Clinic Staff, early signs of Parkinson’s disease may include diminished facial expressions, absence of swaying arms when walking, and “speech may become soft or slurred” (2015). Unfortunately, Parkinson’s does not have a cure, but there are medications out there to help symptoms as well as brain surgeries.

The attribution theory presumes that people attempt to try and explain why people do what they do. It seeks to understand the relationship between a person’s traits, attitudes and behaviors (Myers, p.55). In the murder of Lisa Steinberg, people struggled to understand the tragic event which led to various explanations in regards to the reasoning’s and responsibility of Hedda Nussbaum. Nussbaum, the legal custodian of the young girl, was present when she died due to physical abuse. The televised trial captured a large audience that coaxed viewers to decide if Nussbaum was a villain or victim. Upon review of the case details and analyzing the internal and external factors, one can conclude that Nussbaum

The relationship between meaning of symbols and a person’s behavior, this theory provides a bond between how an individual behaves is related to the meaning of objects and events. Provides the ability to understand small scale human interaction, it enables the understanding of family interaction. Recognizes that beliefs and opinions of reality are changeable, the belief people have on something can actually change and become part of reality. Considers the social environment in which learning takes place. Sees people as active, creative participants who construct their social world, not as passive, conforming objects of socialization (Blumer

Social learning theory is different to Skinner’s Learning Theory. It highlights the importance of cognition. This means we don’t just accidentally learn something, we use our mental processes to choose what we want to learn and what we need to learn.

The roles of situational and dispositional factors in explaining behavior could be explained using the attribution theory where attribution is the process of interpreting and explaining behavior and how people try to use these factors to do this . Situational factors refer to external influences such as who you surround yourself with, social norms, the situation and the weather while dispositional factors are about internal factors such as your personality, attitude and beliefs .

Last class, we touched a very interesting yet controversial topic: Whether if ghosts exist or not.

In all crimes, a motive is present. Motive is defined as the emotional, psychological, and material needs that impel and are satisfied by behavior (Turvey, 2011). It is the driving force of our choices and actions, therefore, when it comes to criminal investigation, establishing a motive can help solve crimes. However, some motives are not apparent during the early stages of an investigation and before court proceedings. Without a motive, it would be difficult to prove guilt since the number question needed to be answer for juries are the “whys” in crimes. Therefore, it is extremely important to establish a motive in a case that a jury would believe. In addition, it is also important for criminal investigation personnel to collect and interpret evidence correctly to establish an accurate motive. The Behavioral Evidence Analysis would be the most effective method help with this. Behavioral Evidence Analysis (BEA) is a deductive based strategy that uses evidence from an investigation to determine the offender’s personality and behavioral characteristics. There are four elements in BEA; forensic analysis, victimology, crime scene analysis and offender characteristics. BEA

Since the spread of formal schooling and education in human societies, fostering cognitive abilities, such as understanding, reasoning, critical thinking, creativity, problem-solving and judgment has been highlighted [1]. Problem-solving is an essential skill in today’s life [2]. Problem-solving is a goal-directed thinking [3]. It is a mental process, some logical, orderly, intellectual thinking that helps cope with problems, search several solutions and choose the best solution [4]. According to Moshirabadi, problem-solving is a systematic process and a problem-focused situation analysis that indicates the ability of individuals to overcome obstacles and to achieve goals. Problem-solving consists of three components of problem-solving

Jane Kravitz has a positive core self-evaluation and thinks she can get any job done. Jane was informed by Chuck Taylor that Lyndon Brooks’ performance is not up to the mark. But, Jane thought that she was a good manager who knew to cajole, nurture and direct her subordinates and hence had a high self-esteem. She thought that she could handle Lyndon and tried to negotiate with him. She showed a high degree of agreeableness while handling him. But she did not get a positive response from Lyndon and hence her self-esteem got hurt and she adjusted too much to accommodate Lyndon. Also, she was confident that her team would fulfill the strategic objectives, however due to the behavior of Lyndon, she could

Differentiated instruction is a support or concept for effective teaching that involves showing students with different ways to learning. According to Bearne (1996). “ differentiated instruction corresponds to an innovative approach through which educators whatever their subject area, are able to bring modification to curricula, teaching methods, usage of educational sources and resources, learning events or activities as well as assessment and evaluation methods.” Differentiation in simple words means tailoring instruction to meet individuals needs that is student needs in the school context. Differentiated instruction is the way a teacher anticipates and responds to a variey of students need in class. According to Mary Ann corley, differentiated