Literature Review Of Attribution Theory

Thus is based on reinforcement that comes from feedback generated by one’s behavior, the observed feedback given to others, or internal incentives. Reinforcement is also positive or negative (called valence). Outcome expectancies - a key aspect of social cognitive theory – also play a major part in reinforcement. Outcome expectancies - the judgments of the consequences associated with a behavior - may be physical, social, or self-evaluative

The topic I would like to research is: The psychological impact of behavior modification. The main question I hope to answer in my research is: “Does psychological factors affect the acceptance or denial of behavior modification?” 1. How is behaviour modification done? 2.

Henceforth, these cultural expectations can influence individuals’ comportment towards each other, and their beliefs in themselves. The American sociologist Robert Merton (1948) claimed that made-up expectations by people could come factual and create their own reality by causing other people to change their behaviors to accord the initial expectations (cited in Sharma &Sharma, 2015). Merton introduced the Self-Fulfilling Prophecy to refer to a prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become factual, by the very terms of the prophecy itself, due to affirmative feedback between belief and behavior (Sharma & Sharma, 2015). This sociological theory was capable of generating extensive social issues like social inequalities and

What is behaviorism? Behaviorism is theory of learning that relies on an observable behavior that are based on two different types of conditioning, one is the Classical Condition and the other is Behavioral Conditioning. In Classical Condition, also known as Pavlovian Conditioning, the theory is that the brain forms an automatic response through an association with a stimulus. Whereas in Operant Condition, a positive and negative reinforcement is used to create an association between opposing behaviors and the consequences for those behaviors. Though both are different in terms of conditioning, they each help us understand the way we learn and emotional response to certain subjects.

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TBA), was proposed by Icek Ajzen to improve their theory about the Theory of Reasoned Action. However, the theory focuses on explaining the behavior of an individual comes from the attitude of an individual still influenced by his/her’s beliefs, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral

He believed that propaganda based on the idea of stimulus-response, for him propagandists use words, and symbols to create thoughts or actions that would serve their needs as he said,defining it as the management of collective attitudes by the manipulation of significant symbols, where attitude refers to a tendency to act according to certain patterns of valuation. In addition to lasswell, Edward L. Bernays pointed out that public could be manipulated and persuaded if the message supported their

Intension is defined as the internal content of a concept which tends to behaviour. Since psychological factors has vital role in this study, Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) has to be considered for this hypothesis of MSWM. The origin of TPB can be traced back to the theory of reasoned action (TRA) (Fishbein, 1967; Fishbein and Ajzen, 1975). The TPB is based on the assumption that most human behaviour is the result of an individual’s intention to undertake a particular behaviour and the ability of an individual to make a conscious decision about it (Maria Ham et al., 2015) which means the behaviour of person change according to behavioural intentions, which are primarily affected by attitudes toward act and subjective norms. An extension

I strongly believe in Humanism and look at how or why people make the choices and do

The reflected appraisals process states that we come to see ourselves and to evaluate ourselves as we think others evaluate us. Social comparison is the second process important to the development of self-esteem. This is a process in which individuals assess their own abilities and virtues by comparing them to those of others. The process involves self-attributions which refers to the tendency to make inferences about ourselves from direct from direct observation of our behaviour and its consequences. Although all three processes are important, one could be more important than the others to develop and maintain self-esteem at a given time.

This is what attribution theory is concerned about. Attribution is a process by which individual explain and predict the cause of other people’s actions and who or what was responsible for that behavior or outcome. This theory is concerned by in what way persons interpret or understand events and by what means this relates to their thinking and actions. Attributing behavior can be done in few processes. First, an individual must observe either his own behavior or of that of another individual.

There is an emerging new understanding of neurobiology of behavior which can intersect with law-making, criminal punishment, and/or rehabilitation strategies. Innovative neurotechnologies are revealing new theories of the brain and mind. The reason being is that the laws governing us, which also sets parameters towards survival and success, are based off our cognitive architecture of innate moral grammar developed within societal paradigms when making judgments. These paradigms are constructed by the justice system punishing individuals to dampen

The study of attitudes has helped us to further our insight into understanding human behaviour. Models such as the Tripartite model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour provide a structure to how our attitudes influence our behaviour. Attitude is defined as a general feeling of evaluation towards an object/person, positive or negative (Hogg, 2013). The Tripartite Model of Attitudes proposed by Rosenberg and Hovland provides a structure to how our attitudes towards something affect our behaviour.

Dispostional attritbution is when you overlook a situation that people are in, and judge their behavior based of their personality. An example of this is when people tell you don't judge a book by it's cover. The girl that you may see that is always quiet and stays to herself can be at home getting abused. Situational attribution is when you analyze a person's actions according to the situation that they are in. An example of situatuional attribution would be realizing that because the quiet girl is always wearing hoodies in the summer time she maybe trying to hind her bruises.