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Literature Review Of Disaster Management

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3. Review of Literature

3.1 Disasters

Disaster is considered as a situation resulting from environmental phenomenon or an incident resulting in human injury and loss including damage to physical property and economic disruption (Rodriguez et al, 2007).Dealing with disaster is a social process that requires public support for planning. It needs to be sustainable in the light of challenges posed by non-renewable resource utilization, climate change, population growth and imbalances of wealth. Emergency planning is a process with updated changes in circumstances for systematic plan of disasters and other future contingencies. Emergency, not only includes toxic spills and industrial explosions but also the floods, storms and earthquakes. Developing countries like India are prone to get earthquakes, floods, road accidents, cyclonic storms resulting in health hazards. Being over populated, the chances of injury, infection and communicable disease are quite common. Disasters may be divided into rapid disasters and continuing disasters. Earthquakes, floods and tsunamis are considered as rapid onset disasters while civil wars, droughts, famines and epidemics are the continuing or long term disasters.

3.1.1 Natural disasters: Floods, droughts, cyclones, earthquakes and landslides are recurrent phenomena (De et al, 2005). India has experienced 431 natural disasters during 1980-2010, with 1,521,726,127 fatalities, and 143,039 casualties (Purohit and Suthar, 2012). Recent IRFC

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