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Literature Review Of Teamwork

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CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The contribution of teamwork has played a major role in successful outcomes for many organisations in the past, for example. Sony Ericsson mobile phones, Fujitsu-Siemens computers have been featured as high performing teams. These teams have not only been successful for their innovation and product development but also for increased productivity and profit. It is therefore not surprising that more and more organisations world over are using teams to enhance their overall performance. However, if not implemented properly, the results can be devastating and can lead to decreased productivity, demoralization and also less profit. Xerox failed to commercialize the personal computer which was …show more content…

Larson and Lafasto (1989) cited in Manion et al (1996:5) defined that,” A team has two or more people and a specific performance objective or recognizable goal to be attained. Coordination of activity among team members is required for the attainment of the team goal or objective”.

Humphries (1998:11) defines team working as “As a group of people working together to achieve common objectives and willing to commit all their energies necessary to ensure that the objectives are achieved”.

On the other hand a group “is a collection of individuals each with their own thoughts, ideas abilities and objectives”. (Humphries, 1998:11)

From the above definitions it can be implied that the difference between a team and a group comes from the shared goal of the team.

In addition Archer, (1996:36) listed the characteristics of a team as follows:
• Successful teams have clearly defined short term and long term goals that are specific and can be measured.

• Successful teams have quantifiable and quantitative daily objectives to help them achieve their goals.

• Successful teams have Just-In-Time …show more content…

One of the greatest challenges a coaching manager has is in moving his or her team through team development stages. A team needs to understand the different stages it will go through and also the changes in the behavior of the members. For team working to be efficient, training is needed to make sure that the members have the essential skills to execute a particular task. Internal and external team training can be given. Internal trainings can be in the form of courses or consultants whereas external training can take place in the form of two day course, outward bound training, etc. (Mackintosh, 2007)

According to Wheelan et al (1996) there are various models which talk about the development of a team. These include Bales & Strodtbeck, 1951; Bennis & Shephard, 1956; Bion, 1961; Gersick, 1988; Wheelan & Hochberger, 1996, but the most widely referred to and the most recognized model in organisational literature is the sequential stage model developed by Tuckman in 1965.

2.4 TUCKMAN’S MODEL OF TEAM

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