Literature Review Of Tourism

2.3. Empirical Literature Review

Ummuhan Gokovali (2006) indicate in the study titled the benefits of tourism to the economic development and got the finding that tourism development, encourage economic development both directly and indirectly, by motivating, the development of other sectors and then by rising domestic incomes and successful demand.

Wattanakuljarus, A., Coxhead I. (2008) study indicates that; the Thailand economy heavily based on the performance of its tourism industries and these accounts for millions of jobs and a considerable portion of export income and a extensive range of other industries are directly or indirectly mutually dependent with them. Given this, any internal or external changes that affect Thailand tourism

It contributes by creating different employment opportunities like restaurants, hotels/lodges, transportation demand increase, increase of shopkeepers and street traders, additional jobs for professionals, generate income, and raise standard of living. As tourism grows, additional different investment opportunities and infrastructure development increased. Tourism can cause improvements in public utilities and services such as water, sewer, sidewalks, lighting, parking, public toilet, education, health and so on. The total contribution of tourism to the GDP and employment is 9.8% and 9.5% respectively in the world. As tourism generates employment opportunities and income for the population, it contributes in alleviating poverty. Tourism may have positive and negative economic impacts. The positive economic impacts include increasing employment opportunities, sales, profits, tax revenues, and income for the community in and around the destination through direct and indirect involvement in the tourism. The negative economic impacts of tourism can be categorized as negative economic impacts, cultural or social impacts and environmental impacts. The negative economic impacts include the occurrences of leakage, seasonal jobs and import of qualified personnel, the negative cultural impacts of tourism includes: destroying traditional cultures (induces increased crime, prostitution, etc.) and the negative environmental

The empirical literatures findings by Nurhssen S. in Gondar, Girma in Lalibla, Batu in Bushoftu and Temesgen in Bale mountain national park on the role of tourism and other related titles were analyzed here. For example Nuressa states by his finding that tourism can contribute for employment and income generation, infrastructure development. However, as compared to the potential that Ethiopia has than its neighboring countries like Kenya and Tanzania, it lags behind to harness those potentials The contribution made by the sector in the economic development of the country did not contribute as much as what is being expected from it and the factors that contribute for the drawback was not presented by the