Literature Review Of Water Pollution

One problem is that water sources are being polluted. When drinking water is compromised, it causes major health concerns. An example would be the water borne diseases that spread through contaminated water. Cholera has caused many people to get sick in the past, and the disease has spread greatly. Humans are also struggling with large amounts of pollution in some cities which is affecting the environment on a large scale.

This has attributed to rapid urbanization, which has put considerable pressures on the government and citizens economically. Since people who once relied on agriculture are being forced to move to cities due to water scarcity, one would assume that this only brings negative consequences; however, there are also many benefits to urbanization (as long as it is sustainable). First of all, with a growing population in urban environments, there is an increase in the development and diversification of businesses, especially in terms of service industries, as the growing population requires new products and services (Dociu and Dunarintu). Therefore the overall development and diversification of the local economy also extends to services and goods produced for exportation, thus increasing GDP and foreign investment. In

Industrial corporations have continuously used bodies of water to their advantage by having their factories use water as an energy source and trash bin. Toxic chemicals are released by these factories and sometimes directly dumped back into the water. Aquatic plants benefit from the carbon dioxide released by factories, but too much can harm the biodiversity of that ecosystem and other marine life and acidity levels will also rise. A bigger population means more consumption and as the human consumption has increased throughout the years, landfills have been overflowed by large amounts of trash. When liquids and other materials begin to degrade, they release a juice that can be toxic if consumed.

Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Waste management in developing countries: The Integrated Sustainable Solid Waste Management (ISWM) Cities and towns in developing countries have for several decades been faced with a challenge of handling and managing solid waste adequately. The main reasons associated with these challenges have been mentioned as rapid urbanisation and growing populations in towns and cities which consequently led to increased generation of waste (Guerrero et al, 2013). The management of this solid waste by municipalities grew as a budget burden for each municipality due to the associated high management costs, lack of understanding of the diverse factors that affect waste management at different stages and the linkages that

This will result in more infrastructures and waterways that were supposed to be natural are now used to drain off the run off water. In urban areas that are highly-urbanized, the rain becomes surface runoff. This run off from these urbanized areas can cause channel erosion, habitat damage to the animals, and clogged stream channels. These changes in the water cycle have great effects on the atmosphere. For example, clean water will be harder to find for fish, humans, and other wildlife.

A survey done on the water of Long Island found out that the levels of 1,4-dioxane were so high in the water supplies, and that this generates heightened risk on the population that consumes the contaminated water. The measurement levels of this chemical when measured in a survey revealed that even though the chemical takes years before its effect is felt in the general population, its widespread presence in the water of Long Island is peculiar and raises a concern and need of addressing this issue from the relevant

The ocean is nowadays undergoing numerous environmental issues that further lead to marine pollution. Marine pollution is a very serious environmental issue that most of the countries of the world encounter. Aquatic littering is considered as one of the major causes of marine environment. The misleading use of the marine environment is extremely impacting the marine life and ecosystems. Moreover, the total amount of toxins and debris discharged by human beings is incredibly increasing in today 's world.

Rapid increase in population, industrialization, droughts and demands from variety of users are the major factors that led to clean drinking water shortage. Many factors contribute

With an upcoming development and world’s global climate change are causing many degradation of water and its sources. Water resources and its reservoirs are greatly being affected by anthropogenic action or natural phenomenon. When talking about water pollution, we should consider that it is not only about water quality but also about water quantity. Water pollution in Japan had been issue even before the industrialization, especially during “Japan’s Meji Period (1868-1912)”, when “Ashio Copper Mine” dumped huge amount of waste water into Watarase River and greatly hamper the residents (Water Environmental Management in Japan, n.a). It seems that with industrialization and urbanization, the water problem become more severe in Japan.

These contaminants that flow into the water system effect the food web to a large extent. A study conducted by Anika Ballent and her team found that microplastics are one of the major contaminants in Lake Ontario due to its high urbanization and population density [2]. Aquatic life is very fragile in the sense that there are many factors that cause it to fluctuate. A chemical leaking into a body of water is similar to a poison released as a gas in the air we breathe and there are many organisms that are affected by the toxins and pollutants that are dumped into Lake Ontario. Some of the main species of fish in Lake Ontario are walleye, trout and salmon.