Literature Review On Adolescent Depression

This research highlights outcomes of adolescent depression screening among teenagers accessing pediatric primary care clinic services with the implementation of the PHQ-9 screening tool. The study occurred over a four-month period and demonstrated that approximately 83% of the 144 adolescents involved indicated a PHQ-9 score showing a need for referral for further evaluation and treatment of depression. The study shows how routine screening can promote early intervention and treatment allowing for better outcomes. The research will help this current study by showing the impact of screening on the management of the condition. This Review provides evidence-based treatment interventions for depression in children and adolescents between the

This twelve month study shows an increase of outpatient services and medication use in those aged 12-18. These trends help in understanding the prevalence of the disease and the need for effective treatment approaches. The findings will be utilized in to examine the prevalence and treatment of this condition.
Naicker, K., Galambos, N.L., Zeng, Y., Senthilselvan, A. & Colman, I. (2013, May). Social, Demographic, and Health Outcomes in the 10 Years Following Adolescent Depression. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(5), 533-538. The study evaluates the effect of adolescent depression after a decade with respect to social, demographic, and health outcomes. The results suggest a significant correlation with depression recurrence, migraine headaches and lower level of self-reported health status. There is little correlation with the individual’s education, career, income or relationship status. An analysis of these outcomes helps in understanding the effect of adolescent depression and need for screening and treatment.
Richardson, L.P., Ludman, E., McCauley, E., Lindenbaum, J., Larison, C., Zhou, C., Clarke, G., Brent, D., & Katon, W. (2014, August 27). Collaborative Care for Adolescents with Depression in Primary Care. The Journal of American Medical Association, 312(8),

Vecchio reports that data demonstrates an equal efficacy amongst ethnicities. The author continues to discuss risk factors such as victims of bullying that have shown significant improvement in symptoms with CBT or IPT. These findings will be helpful in assessing the available treatments and their effectiveness.
Zenlea, I. S., Milliren, C. E., Mednick, L., & Rhodes, E. T. (2014). Depression screening in adolescents in the united states: A national study of ambulatory office-based practice. Academic Pediatrics, 14(2), 186-191. 10.1016/j.acap.2013.11.006 This was a cross-sectional study that reviewed surveys gathered from outpatient family and pediatric practices. The adolescents surveyed were random and did not have a current diagnosis of depression at the time of the survey. The researchers wanted to obtain information on the frequency of screening in undiagnosed individuals. The data collected showed minimal documented screening (0.2% out of 104 reviewed visits) although reported that providers relied on observations, family interactions and somatic symptoms noted during clinic visits. The results of this review will help establish that formal screening techniques are lacking in family