LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction This chapter reviews the relevant literature for the study. The literature looks at the theoretical literature, empirical literature, performance management practices and implementation in Ghana, and the conceptual framework. 2.2 Theoretical Literature 2.2.1 Performance Appraisal Systems Employee performance appraisal refers to an opportunity to take an overall view of work content (loads and volume), and look back at what has been achieved during the reporting
of job performance associated with that of employee job satisfaction. Organization's overall performance greatly depends on employee efficiency and effectiveness. Today Organizations are more more concerned about their human resource and putting their efforts to increase employee satisfaction, In order to enhance employee creativity and job performance. Job satisfaction mostly used as a measure
Despite the recent economic crises, the global tourism industry is experiencing constant growth, proof of which can be found in the 4.7% increase in 2014 from the previous year and with a further expected increase of 3%- 4% in 2015 (UNWTO Communications and Publications Programme, 2015 ). In addition to this continued growth, the tourism industry has also been influenced by the rise of globalization and subsequent rise of multinational companies and immigration leading to a more culturally diverse
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW The review of literature of this study broadly focused on whistleblowing. There have been several attempts to define whistleblowing, but certainly there is no generally accepted definition. According to Near and Miceli (1985), which are often referred by researchers, whistleblowing is a process whereby a current or former member of an organization discloses practices or activities believe to be illegal, immoral or illegitimate, to those who may be able to effect change. The
2.0 INTRODUCTION This chapter reviews literature on research findings related to the sexual harassment. It explores the different demographic factors that can affect perception of sexual harassment including race, gender, age and marital status. This chapter also investigates the attempts that have been done to prevent the incidents of sexual harassment in the workplaces. In additionally, the definition of sexual harassment varies from country to country and from individual to individual. So far
Gender wage gap: Gender discrimination in the workforce ‘Achieving gender equality requires the engagement of women and men, girls and boys. It is everyone's responsibility.’ – Ban Ki Moon, Secretary-General of United Nations. Gender wage gap, also known as male-female income difference, is the dissimilarities between male and female earnings. It is equated as a percentage of male earnings. Normally, the wage gap is measured using full-time weekly earnings before tax without taking external aspects
Reducing the Liability Risk of Employee Misuse the Internet: Cyber Liability NOOR HASLINDA BINTI ZULKIFLI BACHELOR BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (RISK MANAGEMENT AND TAKAFUL) 033124 ABSTRACT Misuse of the Internet has brought about many problems and disorders among workers, employers and the workplace. The issue of internet misuse among employees can result in liability risk and legal liability not only to employees but also to employers and companies. In addition, misuse of the internet will not
2. Literature Review 2.1. Harassment: Harassment is considered as a form of discrimination on the grounds of gender and, thus, is opposing to the principle of equal treatment between men and women. 2.1.1. Definition of harassment: Harassment is any improper and unwelcome conduct that might reasonably be expected or be perceived to cause offence or humiliation to another person. Harassment may take the form of words, gestures or actions which tend to annoy, alarm, abuse, demean, intimidate, belittle
Introduction All human beings are born with equal rights and equal opportunities either male or female. However, the practice of fact, there is a gap which can be clearly seen among men and women in various fields of life aspects such as education and everyday life. Not only in daily life, the achievement of gender equality in professional life looked increasingly difficult to materialize. Evidently, the difference in labor wages of women and men carrying widening. Surveys show a boy who grows into
Physical Appearance Discrimination in The Workplace by: Elliott Teitelbaum Introduction It has been widely accepted that physical appearance affects our thinking and decision-making. In a society consumed by image, the media vies for our attention and money by consciously and subconsciously stimulating images in our minds. Whether it is by means of magazine spreads, bulletin boards, or even by the packaging of household products, we are constantly exposed to images of “perfect” models