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Literature Review On Gender Ideology

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LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Gender Ideology Kroska(2007) notes that Sociologists' interest in gender ideology can be traced back to at least 1930s, with the development of instruments such as Kirkpatrick's 1936 Attitude Towards Feminism scale.(Gender Ideology and Gender Role Ideology,2007, para. 3)Marxists and socialist feminists want to examine the role of ideology in defining the processes of social construction of gender. Ideologies are set of ideas which reflect the interests of those members of society who are dominated economically. They are then adopted by other groups to form a framework of meanings guiding their actions, though this often comes in conflict with their own interests .(Alsop, R., Fitzsimons, A. and Lennon, K., Theorizing Gender, …show more content…

and Lennon, K. (2002) mention Judith Butler’s concept of performative act in which she says that the repetition of numerous acts make male and female in our society.(p.98) We all perform according to a script in a particular society. The performances in which we are engaged are performances in accordance with a script which can change with the passage of time. She shares Foucault position, seeing the construction of subjectivity as a process of submitting ourselves to socially constituted norms and practices. (ibid, p.99) Delphy, in her essay The Main Enemy (1977) puts forward a model of capitalist society. In this model, she has presented two modes of production; industrial and domestic mode. Industrial mode is the arena of capitalist exploitation while domestic mode of production is a family, where women provide domestic services and childrearing occur. (ibid, p.71) .In this way, in the present day gender project, women have dual responsibilities both outside and inside home.Women are oppressed and exploited by systems of patriarchy and …show more content…

Martin has criticized the concept of hegemonic masculinity for leading to inconsistent applications sometimes referring to a fixed type and other times to whatever the dominant form is. According to Wetherell and Edley, this concept fails to specify what conformity to hegemonic masculinity actually looks like in practice. (as cited in Connell, R.W.& Messerschmidt, J. W., (2005) p.838) Demetriou identifies two forms of hegemony, internal and external. External hegemony relates to the institutionalization of men's dominance over women and internal hegemony refers to the position of one group of men over all other men. Scholars commonly do not clarify or acknowledge the relationship between the two. (ibid,

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