Literature Review On Ground Water

(Review on)STUDY OF THE WATER QUALITY CONTAMINATED by SUGAR with distillery MILL EFFLUENT
INTRODUCTION
The total amount of global water, only 2.4% is distributed on the main land, of which only a small portion can be utilized as freshwater. The available freshwater to man is hardly 0.3-0.5% of the total water available on the earth and, therefore, its judicious use is imperative (Hegade & Kale 1995). It is believed that ground water must possess degree of purity, free from chemical contamination and micro-organisms. But the rapid increase in population and industrialization together with the lack of wisdom to live in harmony with nature has led to the deterioration of good quality of water 2; thus, resulting water pollution. Ground water as

These mills discharge huge amount of effluent per day without any proper treatment during the crushing or working season. It has also been reported that sugar mill effluent contains a high magnitude of pollution load and causes adverse effects on soil and biological system. Several chemicals are used in sugar industries during the manufacturing process mainly for coagulation of impurities and refining of the end

. pH of groundwater is decided by a particular set of chemical conditions. The pH value of groundwater samples varied from 6.5 to 6.8 at different sites of the study area. Therefore, the groundwater was considered as slightly acidic. Turbidity varied from 1 to 5 NTU, while turbidity limit as per standard 1 NTU. Electrical conductivity (EC) is current carrying capacity that gives a clear idea of soluble salts present in groundwater. The EC values of contaminated groundwater samples varied from 1710 to 3220 µmhos/cm, which were higher than the BIS(10500:2012)permissible limit. TDS values of polluted groundwater samples were found between 1637 and 1978 mg/L, while TDS limit as per BIS(10500:2012) 500 permissible limit is between 850 and 1500 mg/L. The total hardness of the groundwater samples varied from 840-1250 mg/L. COD is a measure of oxidizable impurities. The estimated COD values were between 240 and 400 mg/L. The variations were due to presence of different organic compounds in sugar mill effluent (Jessudas & Akaliya 1996). The calcium content of groundwater varied from 200 to 360 mg/L, which was higher than the BIS(10500:2012)permissible limit of 200 mg/L but acceptable limit is only 75