Design Innovation Literature Review

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 DESIGN INNOVATION

“The only thing does not change is change itself.’’ Heraclitus

This chapter pursuits for basic ingredients, elements of innovation through a literature review. To accomplish this, it starts from a general view on what is innovation? After that, it goes level by level and narrows down its scope from common titles related to innovation to capture the essence of design innovation.

The concept of innovation is complex to clearly understand, but the meaning of term may start an explorative conversation. For instance, Oxford Dictionary (2015) defines innovation as the usage of “new methods, ideas, or products” to make change. As is everything,

It is clear that innovation is the key for creating new values in business world. Hence, there is a necessity for innovation to reach sustainable profitability in the competitive business world. Although, Leifer et al. (2000) discuss that “importance of finding an early answer to this question: how can we make money with this innovation?” and offers that even a sketchy answer may help guide (p.93). Parallel to this, Tucker (2008) expresses that innovation is the uppermost phenomenon to consider to reach economic expansion (p.15). In this respect, obviously, profitability is the target of innovation act. From this mentioned perspective, early stage of innovation is the best place to invest

This issue implies a conventional consideration of management approach which favors to employ linearity; a rigit, step by step strategy through an analytical mental state. For example, Verganti (2009) illustrates, “managers tend to be attracted by codified approaches to innovation.” He stress that managers, generally, executes on ‘a linear sequential procedure’. Thus, they prefer, innovation framework might be “replicated at once” (p.204). Besides, he claims that design innovation demands a contrary point of view against to recent prevailing approach to solve business issues. Thus, accomplishment needs a clear understanding of innovation’s dynamics and its major and sub-drivers beyond the conventional