Literature Review:
Task may be defined as “any planned language learning effort which has a specific objective, suitable content, a particular working procedure, and choice for outcomes for those who undertake the task.” (Breen, 1987, p. 23). As defined by Hilhard Bower, learning is allied with the changes in a person’s behavior caused by repeated experiences in a particular situation, where changes in behavior cannot be enlightened or basic innate response inclinations and growth (Bower, 1975). Thus Nunan (1989) uses the word ‘task’ instead of ‘activity’, he defines task as “a classroom work which involves learners understanding, handling and interaction related to that targeted subject. Learner-centered is any teaching method in which students are directly involved in the learning process, e.g. through collaborative learning, projects, or discussion (Bonwell, 1995). According to Prabhu and Nunan, activity is the other name of task, “A classroom work in which comprehending, manipulation and interpretation of meaning is more focused instead of form” (1989, p. 10).
Ahmed Khaled (2013) conducted the research on the “Teacher-Centered Versus Learner-Centered Teaching Style.” In which he used Qualitative method to collect data. Participants of this study were selected from four departments of
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The findings of research indicate that more positive the teacher attitude towards task-based teaching the more likely he/she is to take time to prepare material for task-based teaching or to create classroom time for carrying out activities. This research used detail qualitative case study and explore six issues which was found by teachers in the implementation of communicative tasks in their
Activity theory, as interpreted by Ph.D. candidates, Wardle and Kain, is a process that attempts to see all aspects of activity such as social interactions and use of writing and language to achieve goals. This theory is award winning. Activity theory states that for a system to be effective, the rules, community, subject, division of labor, and motives must be reasonable. These components are shown through the chosen tool of communication most often. When one area of the system is corrupted, the tool will no longer function correctly in order to communicate or achieve its goals.
Through implement activities in this classroom, I observed that children have capacity to use materials in variety of ways to learn and explore base on their experiences and interests. Even though I have planned my activity and image how children might approach to the materials, I restrain instructions and let children express how they play and learn. I stay beside to observe and assist when children needed. It is treasure to see how children excited to learn and be creative. In the classroom, I’m sensitive to individual differences and abilities.
The way the teachers taught and introduced activities to their students is what would really shape them while
In a learning environment, teachers want to help students engage with what they are doing to promote deeper understanding" (Kohn, 1997c). The student-directed learning theory implies that the teacher should share the
Introduction It is very important to study about the development of the human. Because it provides framework to think about human growth, their mental development, and the most important one, ‘their learning’. As a teacher it is very important to study about these theories. Because it have a close relationship with the development of the students and their learning behavior (Michael, 2012) .
CHAPTER FOUR: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Discussion and Conclusions This study explored the components of Lesson Study, which impacts, on the respondent’s teaching and student learning. This chapter discusses the results and offers an analysis of how the study results emphasis on the initial research questions as well as connect to literature review of the study. The discussion is arranged on the basis of research question. Summary of Findings Participants interview, observations and from many literature this study explore that TSN through Lesson Study is an innovative teaching approach comes from Japan.
The paper reflects on my experience during the teaching practicum. Initially, it analyses the strategies my Mentor Teacher (MT) adopted in her teaching and interaction with the students. Additionally, it analyses the techniques I employed to motivate, monitor, and manage students during my teaching practice. Finally, it discusses how I will improve my teaching in terms of instructional strategies, classroom interaction, objectives-activities-assessments alignment, and classroom management.
In this assignment, I will be writing on how to apply the principles of pedagogy in my area of specialism. Effective teacher uses diverse teaching strategies and universal approaches that suit situations, different strategies in different grouping of learners to improve learning outcomes, There are different teaching styles that suit different learners backgrounds and ability. Teachers are ldentified in their profession as ‘learning specialist’ , and there are five principles of good pedagogy which are Motivation, Exposition, Direction of activity and Inviting imitation. Andragogy is the best approach for effective delivery and pedagogy, both approaches must be used to ensure effective delivery. The principle is the idea of the curriculum and requirement of my subject area, I adopted pedagogy and andragogy that learners will understand The word motivation preceeds teaching at all times the teacher is preparing for delivery of effective and engaging instructional process.
Learning style is a way to see how did each one of us learn visual,auditory,reading/writing or kinesthetic learners. Each one of us has different way of learning and understanding. It could be Visual: by seeing the thing that they want to learn , it could be auditory: by listing, or also it could be reading/ writing or Kinesthetic and this by touching and learning how things works. Sometimes we need to teach ourselves and learn from our mistake we make. Each person will need to teach themselve .
The motivational psychology researchers discovered several useful approaches and practices that can be implemented in the classroom for effective learning to take place (Miller, 2012). Teachers are using differentiation to support teaching and learning. Differentiation can vary in pace, activities, resources, teaching and learning styles in an attempt to best meet the needs of individual student. Various teaching strategies such as cooperative learning, active learning, role play and games and pedagogic tools are being integrated in educational theories in meaningful and useful ways to encourage task or learning achievements.
The students were productively engaged during the lesson plan and learning process. Furthermore, I know that the students were productively engaged based on the comments and questions that they said during the lesson. During the lesson the students were excited about the group work and reading materials. 3.Did I alter my instructional plan as I taught the lesson?
Schools are the second place after home where students’ behavior and future educational success are shaped. At schools there are many elements or factors that can influence the teaching and learning process that may take place. Rasyid (2012) stated that there are four perennial truths that make the teaching and learning process possible to take place in the classroom. If one of these is not available, there will be no teaching and learning process, though the learning process itself may still take place, they are: (1) Teacher, (2) Students, (3) Material and (4) Context of time and place. All of them are related to one another.
Although the lesson plan’s primary objective is to improve the overall quality of teaching to benefit students, this also improves teacher motivation and development. This is achieved through using the lesson plan as a permanent record of lessons taught. In the case where the lesson has been
Teachers have to use different pedagogical approaches. They should participate actively in their learning and to assist professional development. The
TRADITIONAL TEACHING METHODS TO TEACH WITHN THE CONTEXT OF HIGHER EDUCATION Teaching methods refers to the general principles, pedagogy and management strategies used to classroom instruction. The choice to teaching methods depends on what fits educational philosophy, classroom demographic, subject area and school mission statement. The teaching theories can be arrangement into four categories and based on two major parameters- a teacher centred approach versus and a student –centred approach, and high tech material use versus low-tech material use. TEACHER-CENTRED APPROACH TO LEARNING Taken to its most extreme interpretation, teachers are the main figure in a teacher-centred instruction model.