Context. Postnatal depression is one of the most frequent difficulties viewed as behavioral issues and mental sickness/problems in women about four to six weeks after giving birth. It’s a major public health issue given its prevalence and impact not only on mothers and babies but also to their households as well. However, untreated postnatal depression is well-known to suffer adverse results such as unfavorable parenting practices and impaired mother-baby bonding, which in return is known to affect rationale and emotional growth of the baby. The gravest, of course, is maternal suicide and infanticide.
In her book, Skloot suggests that African-American women suffer from psychological effects after receiving unequal medical care, do not receive equal medical treatment during maternity, and are more likely to die from maternal complications. Researchers agree, stating that these are common occurrences in the medical industry.
People surrounding a depressed person have a huge influence on how the victim could cope up with the situation, some people tend to have high expectations and sometimes they would pressure the victim, which can make the victim even more depressed. Though, depression can also be the effect of puberty, such as hormonal changes and such. Peer pressure and parents/teachers forcing the teen to have higher grades causes stress in general and adds up to cause depression. Having a rough or traumatic childhood can also cause depression, such as physical and verbal abuse from a parent or someone close to the victim. Depressed teens feel like they 're lonely and no one understands them.
Introduction Pre-eclampsia, a disease characterized by widespread maternal endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and proteinuria, is a leading contributor of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality in the world. This pregnancy-specific disease is complicating about two to eight percent of pregnancies. Therefore, it is important to identify women at risk of developing pre-eclampsia in order to reduce complications and to develop possible treatment modalities. 1,2,3 Preeclampsia has a complex pathophysiology, the main cause including infarcts, atherosis, thrombosis, and chronic inflammation. In recent studies, it is known that angiogenic factors have a significant role in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia.
About one in fifteen women develop breast cancer (Tarrier, Living with Breast Cancer and Mastectomy). Breast cancer and Mastectomy produce two great sources of psychological stress, one to do with the individual existence and survival, and the other to do with the femininity and self-image (Tarrier, Living with Breast Cancer and Mastectomy). The most common reaction to Mastectomy is anxiety and depression (Tarrier, Living with Breast Cancer and Mastectomy). The most common reason for Mastectomy is breast cancer (A.D.A.M Encyclopedia) Women who have a very high risk of developing breast cancer may choose to have a preventive (or prophylactic) mastectomy to reduce the risk of breast cancer (A.D.A.M
The following is a summary of what was within some of those articles. Depression is a psychological disorder characterized by feelings of persistent sadness, hopelessness, and suicidal tendencies.1,2 There are several types of depression ranging from seasonal depression to postpartum depression (PPD), after birth depression.2 The term “postpartum depression” contains a number of different mood disorders that vary in their nature.3 These differences are essential when it comes to the displayed symptoms and applied treatment.3 PPD affects 10% to 15% of recent mothers. In some parts these percentages could rise up to 35%.3 However, most of the cases remain undiagnosed due to a number of factors such as the social perspective which labels these new mothers by forming a stigmatized outlook.3 The disorders which fall under PPD include “The Baby Blues” and “Postpartum Psychosis” (PPP).3 The former is the most common type affecting 50% to 80% of PPD cases.3 It is usually resolved within two weeks of its
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a type of clinical depression which can affect woman after childbirth. PPD is very common among women and is a major public health problem. It is estimated that overall 10 to 15% women experience PND while it ranges from 3.5 to 63.3% in Asian countries. But it is one of the most underdiagnosed condition due to lack of adequate number of studies on the subject. Hence the current study was conducted with an objective of assessing the prevalence of postnatal depression among subjects with normal and caesarian deliveries and to compare the sociodemographic profile between normal and caesarian deliveries.
Nuclear family structure and poor marital relationship were found to have a significant correlation with peri-partum depression (Dubey, Gupta, Bhasin, Muthal, & Arora, 2012). As we know poor social support and single parenting are the factors found to predict traumatic childbirth too and such similarities in risk factors show that depression in postpartum period should be conceptualized as a diagnostic entity rather than individual causes underlying it. Austin et al. in a cohort study of 1,549 women found that 32.8% major depression (± anxiety disorder); 26.4% minor depression alone; and 8.1% with a primary anxiety disorder. Furthermore, 37.7% of the women with a major depressive episode (MDE) exhibited comorbid anxiety disorder (Austin et al., 2010).
Many drugs for instance crack and heroin flow past the placental barrier, resulting in addicted babies who go through withdrawal soon after birth and fetal alcohol syndrome which can affect children of mothers who take alcohol during pregnancy. Pregnant women who acquire the AIDS virus through drip drug use pass the virus to their fetus. Effects on Society; Drug abuse affects society in many ways. In the workplace it leads is to high cost due to the work time lost and also inefficiency. Drug users are most likely going to have occupational accidents than sober employees which put them to danger and even those who
The first source I will be evaluating is “Women in the Workforce During the Great Depression” by Sheila Mae Garnace. This source explains how The Great Depression affected women and what was done to overcome their hardships. This source values an in depth description of the impact The Great Depression had on women, and what was attempted to counter challenges such as discrimination