CHAPTER - 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter deals with review of previous literature of variousliteratures prevailing in different parts of the country and overseas. Review of literature is the systematic search of a published work to gain information about a research topic (Polit and Pungler, 2011). Literature review makes contribution to new knowledge and scholarship of researcher. So, Literature review is an important aspect while pursuing research. Thus, this chapter provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature review which isbased on extensive search of books, journals, mass media information such as materials from standard news papers, seminars, lectures in conferences and international studies.The …show more content…
Studies have investigated quality of life in terms of psychological well being, morale, life satisfaction and happiness. But perhaps the most important personality factor to quality of life is a person’s sense of self and personal identity. 2.3.8 Personal Autonomy Factors Linked to personality factors but dependent also on the social and physical environments are personal autonomy factors such as the ability to make one’s own choices, the ability to exercise control and the ability to control or negotiate one’s own physical or social environment. However, cross-national audits of welfare or comparisons of different groups of individuals often include a metric of quality of life, underlying which are the assumptions that there are group-specific characteristics in quality of life. This review, for example, assumes that older age groups are sufficiently peculiar in this respect to merit. Such a review from this audit, perhaps due to the perception that the elderly are peculiarly vulnerable due to declining physical and mental
1.Autonomy is the freedom to make one’s own decisions without coercion (Miller, 66). When an individual possesses autonomy, they can decide things like where they will work, where they want to live, or where they will receive medical care. This paper will cover the significance of autonomy, and how it leads to happiness. Additionally, why autonomy is so crucial in a medical setting. Also, how physicians misuse the autonomy of their patients.
One limitation of our study is the construction of the frailty index. It was based on self-reported data and some of the questionnaires may have been answered by a third person, introducing less reliability into the measure. Similarly, some health conditions such as severe cognitive decline, may limit participation in this study. Due to this factor, the prevalence of frailty and its relationship with mortality and need for care may have been under-estimated in our study. In addition, not all potential confounders or mediating factors could be tested, such as economic status, social networks, dietary habits, and interpersonal relationships.
Ethics of healthcare depends on 4 moral standards and how they are utilised; autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Autonomy, which means self-governance, is the rule for regarding the privileges of a person to settle on a choice for them self, and respecting that decision. In healthcare this implies regarding a patient's choice on treatments, regardless of the possibility that it could bring about damage or demise to themselves. Autonomy is about self-rule, control free, without impact or influence from any other person, and is tied in with making an educated and un-forced choice about their care and medicines, based from their qualities and inclinations. Alongside autonomy is the principle of justice, which incorporates reasonableness
A literature review is a summary of the argument in a research paper. A literature review is used to see what has or has not been investigated, to put the work in a perspective and provide evidence to support work. 4. How does deductive logic differ from inductive logic? a.
Since America upholds the social values of rugged individualism, autonomy, and self-sufficiency, society views marginalized communities as being responsible for their position in society. Having the social value of rugged individualism is harmful to marginalized communities because those who share those values believe the community should be able to provide for themselves, and that the community does not need resources from the government. The social view of autonomy is harmful to marginalized communities in a similar way that rugged individualism is, those who hold autonomy as a social value believe that a marginalized community should be self-governed and does not need access to any external resources. Self-sufficiency social values can
Change commonly derives from conflict, and if this study can reveal some of the underlying difficulties within certain facilities, I think it could lead to a modification in the overall effectiveness of caretakers and the satisfaction of patients and family members. This study currently would cause great interest amongst other cities due to the sheer amount of people entering the elderly population in the next decade. We must figure out how to fix current social problems in health care for the next generation of elderly people to continue positively with such a large aging population. This study is a simple way to understand how one detail can have lasting effects on another. For example, studying the effects of how the level of care in relation to satisfaction will in turn show how facilities can be modified and improved due to a better understanding of a population and their needs as a whole.
Age discrimination in health care is primarily hidden and individual rather than institutional (Lievesley, 2012), where statistical evidence demonstrates this relationship with registered nurses and the severity and presence of discrimination towards patients of the older generation. Furthermore, patient outcomes are indirectly affected by ageism (Nelson, 2005). For example, health care workers who are biased towards the elderly often result in a reluctance to trial certain treatments which could benefit the individual along with the dismissal of older patients from clinical trials (Nelson, 2005). It is evident that registered nurses distance themselves from seniors due to feeling powerless to help or the patient might be at the end stage of life (Kane & Kane, 2005). Additionally, it has been found that people of the older generation who suffer a disability, such as a hearing of visual deficit, tend not to choose to receive rehabilitation in order to assist with day-to-day life (Kane & Kane,
Chapter nine discusses the rise in autonomy associated with adolescent development. There are three types of autonomy, the first of which being emotional. According to Steinberg (2015), emotional autonomy is made easier through different parenting styles, the best for this transition being authoritative. My sisters and myself were raised in an authoritative household, our parents had rules but were rather reasonable as far as negotiation. I do think that this was the best parent style when it comes to emotional autonomy.
2.0 Procedure A few secondary resources were used in the research process. These sources range from newspapers articles, news website (BBC) and online databases which were accessed via the Internet. These sources were chosen based on direct relation to the topic and its scope. Moreover, these sources were referred to gain better understanding about the topic and explore expert opinions and research done in order to fulfil the criteria of each objective
An elderly could live in a retirement center, nursing facility, or alone with relatives and be in good health or in bad health (Papalia, Feldman, & Martorell, 2012, pg. 541-542). Chronic illness and psychical change will be occurring during late adulthood yet, another focus will be psychological development, which is heavily influenced by the social environment in which one elderly lives and thus brings out the importance of finding good living arrangements. This is a huge factor in many other life stages as well. For instance, “the state of the job market may determine when offspring choose to leave home… [or] when we retire may depend on the provisions of our pension plan.
2.0 Review related to study “The review of related studies and researches is a necessary part of any research. The related studies on the chosen topic carried out by research workers at various levels are called review of related literature” (Perumal, 2010). It is a significant phase in research process and basic part of any research work. It is works as a guide which contains recent knowledge as well as applicable findings along with theoretical and methodological contribution to a particular topic. Literature review use as secondary source of the data.
Norms of self-determination and claiming independence from imperial powers have defined the twentieth century and have influenced major upheavals in countries with colonial histories. The Egyptian independence movement used multiple tactics to gain autonomy from the British justified by the principle of self-determination. Nationalist leaders in Egypt used the burgeoning norm of self-determination to claim independence by undermining the colonial norm of foreign influence in the domestic functioning of the state through revolutions and widespread public support. These expressions of international norms are important because they have shaped the political climate and tensions in the Middle East. The norms of self-determination and gaining independence
Synthesize of research work 5. generating literature assessment A literature review is defined as a report carrying evaluative data/information abstracted from the related piece of literature with respect to selected field of study. The literature review describes, encapsulated, assess and explain the information on the basis of theoretical research ground
This chapter discusses the review of relevant literature. As part of this research, which includes articles seminar paper, newspapers , textbooks , etc. The review materials are grouped under the following headings 1.
1.0 Introduction This is an individual assignment. This assignment is for KMC1093 Personality Development course in order to pass the course. First of all, personality development is associated with psychological aspects which are included cognitive, behaviour and emotion. It is believed that everybody has their own way to interacting with the other people and with their social environment. There are three components in the nature of personality.