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Literature Review On Rape Prevention

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Literature Review of Interventions
Perpetration
Rape Prevention and Risk Reduction After the National Association of Student (1994) decision to mandate university campus officials provides rape education programs to all students. In addition, prevention and risk reduction interventions have become commonplace among higher educational institutions. Rape education programs are designed to highlight perpetration behavior, educate participants on risk reduction techniques, and the consequences of rape. These programs will bring about positive attitude and behavior changes among individuals in an effort to reduce acts of violence. (Dickson, 2013; Jeglic & Calkins, 2016; Orchowski, Gidycz & Murphy, 2010). Nine out of the 26 studies reviewed in …show more content…

One, Davis’ (1997) session was 90 minutes and Fay and Midway’s (2006) was conducted over the course of three 50-min sessions. Half of the programs studied utilized male facilitators who were either peers or trained professionals. Male and female co-facilitators were used in one of the studies (Fay & Medway, 2006). One program was led by female facilitators (Holcomb, Savage, Seehafer & Waalkes, 2002), and the remaining studies did not specify facilitator gender. Rape prevention programs were aimed at mixed gendered participants in both high school and college. None of the rape prevention methods conducted involved female-only participants. Additionally, male-only groups were conducted in university settings. The programs using male peer facilitators tended to have more of an effect on male and mixed groups, however, the mixed gendered co-facilitation had a slight success as well. The average sample size was around 130 …show more content…

Overall, the evidence shows that the most effective rape prevention and risk reduction programs were those that discredited myths about rape and decreased rape myth acceptance, increased empathy towards survivors, and utilized a form of sexual assault role play. However, while attitudes supporting rape decreased and discussions surrounding prevention strategies were conducted, there were no significant changes in behavior or communication skills observed. It was challenging to determine effectiveness for a large portion of the studies analyzed because many of them were found to invoke changes in attitudes and beliefs regarding rape and sexual assault for only a period of a few short months. Moreover, many of these programs were only implemented in a single session and lacked formal evaluations to assess changes in sexual assault perpetration. Furthermore, these types of rape prevention programs tended only to impact male participants as opposed to their female counterparts, suggesting that mixed gendered programs are less

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