Male Rape Literature Review
The aim of this literature is to critically evaluate and analyse the given theoretical case history of Michael, seeking therapy due to precipitated post-traumatic crisis, linking to rape trauma endured twenty years ago. Relevant materials identifying difference of female rape to male rape, social myths, prevalence rates, factors preventing reporting, lacking support system, empirical research, and the long-term psychological effects, requires in-depth understanding of male rape trauma to establish an appropriate therapeutic approach.
Literature Review
Prevalence of negative attitude towards male rape differ from western and eastern countries, ranging at 18.3% (United Kingdom) to 29.5% (Canada) and 32.9% (Hong Kong) to 51.5% (Malaysia) Ward,
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Deeply entrenched attitudes of appropriate sexual and social roles keep male rape victims silent (Miller, 1983). (Groth & Burgess, 1980; Krueger 1985) reiterated that male rape victims are too humiliated and embarrassed to admit being overpowered, succumbing to self-blame for failing to defend themselves and fear being labelled as homosexual, further explains as to why Michael did not report his rape to police. Unwillingness to disclose men’s victimization relates closely to their reluctance of admission to vulnerability (Huckle, 1995; Stanko & Hodbell, 1993), shame and embarrasment (Mezey & King, 1989; Hillman et al., 1991; Walker, 1993). The male rape coping strategy is characterized by a protective response mechanism structured as ‘denial’ of an intolerable situation, prone to future psychiatric issues (Mezey, 1987). We observe this denial in Michael, whereby he explained the cuts and bruising to family and friends as resulting from a fight he had won to maintain his dignity in their view. Psychological impact of male rape could cause emotional, behavioural and somatic consequences in the immediate and long term effects. Michael still ruminates in this dissociation though there is significant time lapse of twenty years since the rape. Walker, (1993) stated, short and long term (Coxell, 1996) psychological effects and supported by the gender role expectation of inappropriateness of males to express emotions besides anger (Janoff – Bulman, 1989, Kaufman et al., 1980) explains Michael’s
Summary Of Speak By Laurie Halse Anderson
998 Words | 4 PagesSpeak, written by Laurie Halse Anderson, is a literary handbook that youth can read to learn about the struggle with coping from trauma inflicted by being sexually assaulted. When a person experiences this type of trauma it can be frightening to blindly live through the after affects. During certain phases of life people tend to rely on different interpersonal relationships as a way to cope with major life events. The process of coming forward after being assaulted, can be an intimidating part of the incident due to the amount of added stress it can bestow on an already stressed out victim. Speak allows the reader to learn about the process of coping with being raped as well as the effects on interpersonal relationships and what to expect when
Donnelly And Kenyon: A Brief Summary
73 Words | 1 PagesDonnelly and Kenyon conducted an interview study of 30 rape crisis centers to demonstrate the male rape myths and beliefs among counselors and crisis workers. They found that only 9 centers had provided assistance to male sexual assault victims. Ten centers stated that they would help but have no experience with male victims of any crime. The remaining 11 centers stated that they would not provide assistance to men (qtd. in Davies,
Dangerous Exits Book Report
1627 Words | 7 PagesThe power and control wheel, a tool used when trying to educate victims of IPV, is symbolically represented throughout the book by demonstrating how these abusers keep control of their partners. This wheel details eight forms of violence that abusers commonly use to keep control over their partner, that include, using male privilege and coercion and threats to maintain dominance (Burgess et al., 2012, p. 300). Victimology also studies, the effects such patterns of abuse have on an individual, such as learned helplessness and PTSD (Burgess et al., 2012, p. 300). Furthermore, it is grounded in the approaches and steps of action to take in order to help victims of trauma and
Domestic Violence In 'No Visible Bruises'
1557 Words | 7 PagesThroughout this program, you see how easy it is for abusers to manipulate their victims with just words and blame. On page 115, the book talks about how men are proud of their masculinity and like to brag to their friends about abusing women. This can also correlate to masculinity and how if they show other men, they have control of women they look more powerful and “are owed
Analysis Of The Unnatural Lottery By Claudia Card
1300 Words | 6 PagesIn a patriarchal society, this power is not distributed equally among the sexes; the control is primarily given to the male. Rape plays a large role within the patriarchal society because it helps maintain the distribution of power in favor of the male. Essentially, the paramount task of rape is the “subordination and subservience of women to men” (107). The objective of rape has remained constant throughout history and has allowed the
Henpeckok Husband's Abuse
102 Words | 1 PagesIt can be difficult for a man to find someone willing to believe that they’re a victim of abuse. The prevailing image of “man as aggressor” or “men are stronger” leads to the common belief that he’s somehow “earned” his abuse by provoking his abuser. Other times, they fear – with justification – being ignored or mocked for “allowing” their partner to hurt them. In the popular portrayal of the henpecked husband, the man is frequently shown as being a weakling who’s incapable of standing up to his wife and thus “earns” his abuse as punishment for being so weak and
Prison Rape Elimination Act: Article Analysis
385 Words | 2 PagesThe article explains how sexual assault continues to be a problem until this very day. When someone is sexually assaulted, it is very hard for them to cope with the fact that someone has touched them in the wrong way. For the ones who commits the assault, it will only become worse for them. A National Study says, “The main source of inmates’ knowledge of prison sex appears to come from their conversations with other inmates”(Response to the Prison Rape Elimination Act). Some inmates could portray the role of acting as if they are there for the victim to talk to, but there are other things that could result from this.
Sexual Assault Chapter Summary
647 Words | 3 PagesChapter eight of my book talks about Sexual Assault. Rap, sexual abuse and assault happens more than we think and not just among women, however, men as well. The odds are that the person who abuses you is likely someone that you know. Many sexual abuse cases involving children is unreported as a result of being scared, ashamed, guilt or threatened, same goes for being raped or attempted rapes. There are several myths about rap in the manner that women provoke or wanted to be raped, cry rap to take revenge, women wanted it since they did not resist and many more.
Mike Males's View Of Teen Dating Violence
1567 Words | 7 PagesMany survivors and victims of dating violence are afraid to speak about their relationship because their afraid of the outcomes and of their abuser. The persecution some victims and survivors receive when they talk about their abusive relationship can also keep them quiet about the situation because they don’t want people to not believe them. Therefore, Males opinion on teen dating violence cannot be accounted for due to the vast majority of teens that are not public about their violent
What Does Zigzagger Mean
845 Words | 4 PagesFor majority of them, the first reaction is to deny that it was happened. And a significant number of victims may believe that the abuse was somehow their fault or that they caused it. The boy knows what he has done, what has happened, and yet, deep inside he believes it could not have been, and when the boy tries to remember the man’s voice, the sound frightens him as he recalls it in broad daylight (151). This shows that for the boy, remembering the assault brings all the trauma back to life. It seems to talk about it causes an immense feeling of embarrassment and shame.
Recidivism In State Prisons
538 Words | 3 PagesA two-year study conducted in Seattle, 819 female victims of sexual assault, were interviewed about their history of psychiatric disorders. The study found that over 10% of these women diagnosed schizophrenia disorders, and an additional 6 percent diagnosed with bipolar disorder or severe depression, were more likely to have been sexually assaulted by a stranger, attacked by multiple assailants, and severely injured during the attacks. These same women were also more likely to have been homeless or to have spent time in jail than those without mental illness. The author concluded that “sexual assaults in women with a major psychiatric diagnosis are common” and “more violent” compared to women without such diagnoses (Eckert, 2002). In Baltimore, data on physical and sexual abuse collected for one year
Title IX Gender Equality
1069 Words | 5 PagesIt is found that from the years 2009 to 2013, a documented 63,000 children were reported as victims of sexual abuse or harassment. Statistically, it is also found that every eight minutes, Child Protective Services find evidence or claims of child sex abuse. The effects of this abuse can be long-lasting and consequently affects the mental health of a victim. It is found that victims who encounter sexual harassment are four times as likely to develop drug abusiveness, post traumatic stress disorders, and three times as likely to develop anxiety or depressive episodes (Children and Teens: Statistics). The consequences of sexual abuse are not only found to be confined to the times of incidents but develop lasting effects on the victims long after the incident occurs.
Family In Laurie Halse Anderson's Speak
752 Words | 4 PagesPhysical as well as psychological scars are apparent on many survivors. Sexual assault victims of all kinds experience various psychological symptoms but a few of the most common ones are:Depression, Flashback of what took place, Sleeping and Eating disorders, Guilt, Distrust, and multiple personality disorders. Experiencing these things - especially two or more - can be a hard thing to deal with. It would be nearly impossible to hide these things from somebody who knew you even in the slightest. Melinda was able to do this, right under the noses of her parents for months.
Female Sex Offenders Essay
1479 Words | 6 PagesThe authors received, and analyzed data on 111 cases of female perpetrators, which was obtained from the women after they had been charged with sex offenses. Among the characteristics of the offenders under investigation, it appeared that offenders “emerged as intellectually low in the average functioning group, with a high prevalence of psychiatric or personality disorders, a high prevalence of neglect and (especially sexual) abuse” (Wijkman, Bijleveld, Hendriks, 2010). From the conducted study, it was also evident that the victims of the offenders were relatively young (median age 13) and mostly of the female sex. In 93% of the cases, the victim was either an own child, a relative’s child or an acquaintance. Often, the abuse was carried out with a male partner (Wijkman, Bijleveld, Hendriks,
Annotated Bibliography On Rape
1508 Words | 7 Pages14 male victim,only 5 over the age 18, were treated in a county hospital over 39 months. Case reports male victims sustained moe physical trauma have multiple assault in a longer captivity. Older victims coping of the assault was denial of the victimization exerting control of their emotions. In result of the study show
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