LITERATURE REVIEW Investing in women is not only the right thing to do but the smart thing to do (Ban Ki Moon, 2008). Small numbers of women work and for the same work they earn less than men (Duflo, E., 2011). A large number of women has entered in the labor force but not been treated as equals to men. They earn less than men and have less opportunity for growth (Goldin, C., 1990). Women have always been granted secondary role in the family and society. Women are aware of gender inequalities and are trying to fight them (Panigraphy, R.L., &Bhuyan, D., 2006). Women should have access to resources and right to participate in decision making. Increase in power of women will hurt power of men (Oxaal, Z., & Baden, S., 1997). Empowerment is to …show more content…
Self-empowerment means individual effort, mutual empowerment means relationships with others, and social empowerment is generated by removing social, political, legal and economic hurdles to get individual influence. Concentration on one or two elements of empowerment is not sufficient for achieving important change (Kenneth, E. Pigg, 2002). Development is not only made for people but they must contribute to it. People should participate actively in the decisions and actions of their lives. Investment in women skills and giving them power to make their own selection is not only important but also leads to economic growth and development (UN, 1995). Empowerment is explained by how much people participate in the decisions and actions of their lives (Oxfam, …show more content…
• To understand the general response from the mass public over theseprogrammes in their areas. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Data Collection The research has been done on primary data as well as on secondary data. It was collected throughwebsites and from various journals, magazines, articles, annual reports and questionnaires. Sampling Units For analysis, 50respondents mainly women were interviewed in each of the three blocks through stratified random sampling of the selected Panchayats (selected with due representation for all sections of the society. The sample was distributed across nine Panchayats three from each
Currently, gender inequality, although less than before, still exists, for example in wage gaps. “The gender gap in paid work is narrowing, but women still do most of the domestic work and child care… all of which is low-waged labor” (Lorber, 2001, 6). Many expectations for male and female roles, especially in religious customs, continue to exist and “legitimate the social arrangements that produce inequality, justifying them as proper” (Lorber, 2021, 6). Women are somewhat encouraged to work more “feminine” jobs which is causing many women to continue working in more low-paying, domestic jobs. However, there are still many, and a growing increase in successful women working high-paying jobs, inspiring more women to do the
In turn, women began to seek participation in the development process, confronting violence and various other human rights abuses (Snarr, 2012). Overall, the interaction of women’s networks in development, made institutions acknowledge that development can’t be only measured in terms of GDP and GNI rates, but in terms of human rights and social development. This chapter’s discussion on women and development is directly related to poverty and economic issues. The most used measure of defining poverty is by comparing national income with the GNI (Snarr,
Women’s place and role in the society is something that has been discussed and changed over time. Should their rights be the same as men’s? Should they be superior? Inferior? The world faces a dilemma on weather they should be or not equal as men.
Women’s responsibilities increased especially at work and war. Women, even today are discriminated because of their gender, so there is still no equality between both genders which should stop. Many women worked in the work force. According to an article, “For the first time, women
Although empowerment theory is intended to alleviate the oppression of marginalized groups, there are no specific guidelines or procedures for doing so (Gutierrez et al., 1995). As a result, this theory may prove to be too abstract for some practitioners, as there are no specific processes for implementing empowerment in an individual, group, or community and it is a more open-ended
The Progressive Era of the early 1900s was a period of economic growth in the United States. Millions flocked to the cities like New York in pursuit of wealth, freedom, and a chance at making a better life for themselves and their families. As a prime focus during the Progressive Era, women challenged social and political barriers, which led to their empowerment and a new female political agenda. Women began to become more prominent in the workplace and by 1920, nearly 25 percent of employed women had office jobs or worked as a telephone operator (Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty! An American History Volume 2, 700).
Annotated Bibliography Quast, L. (2015, November 22). The Gender Pay Gap Issue Is Fixable -- But May Require Bolder Actions To Overcome. Retrieved from Forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/sites/lisaquast/2015/11/22/the-gender-pay-gap-issue-is-fixable-but-may-require-bolder-actions-to-overcome/2/ It is reported by the Economic Policy Institute that although women had made tremendous records entering into workforce and gain great successes in education, but their wage is 83% comparing to men. The world forum also released a report in 2015 that women now make as much as men earned a decade ago.
According to the Suitcase Clinic organization homelessness means a temporary condition that people fall into when they cannot afford to pay for a place to live, or when their current home is unsafe or unstable. (Suitcase Clinic Organization ) Main reasons being homeless: cyclical nature of mental health/ substance abuse, unavailability of affordable accommodation-waiting lists for public housing and lack of reasonably priced houses. For example, in UK and USA housing stocks are unaffordable.
iii. Self-Determination: The autonomy in which an individual makes decisions about his work. iv. Impact: The degree in which an individual can influence strategic, administrative or operating outcomes at work (Ashforth, 1989). Empowerment forms according to Lashley (2001) include; i. Empowerment through participation; this means the delegation of decision-making from management arena, for example, the use of autonomous working groups.
It is proven that gender does contribute to a difference in wages in society and there for another cause of wealth inequality. The U.N. has found that gender discrimination is still a significant factor in holding many women and children around the world in poverty. In many countries, there is a gender income gap in the labor market. For example, in America, statistics show that “The median full-time salary for women is 78 percent of that of men”; despite the fact women make up half the workforce. One of the reasons women earn less income/money in their lifetime is usually because they are single mums and/or have more people/family to support on their
The women’s participation on the workforce, firstly, has improved significantly now. Gauchat et al. (2012) explain it with the fact that the effects of the economic and political liberalization are
Empowered men and women are in a better position for contributing towards productivity of the entire family, they also support in improving prospects specifically for the future generation. On the other hand, gender equality is fundamentally related to sus¬tainable development and globally accepted as a necessity for the promotion of human rights Furthermore, gender equality is achieved when women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of
TATA INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE Quantitative Research Proposal Submitted to Submitted by Prof. Devi Prasad Bhavya M K School of Social work M2014WCP005 Title . A Sociological Study on the Political Freedom of the Women through Democratic Involvement in Gram Panchayat in Thiruvanathapuram district, Kerala.
AMITY UNIVERSITY, AMITY SCHOOL OF BUSINESS, NOIDA, UTTAR PRADESH PROJECT REPORT ON: “MARKETING STRATEGIES OF ‘CADBURY’-MONDELEZ INDIA” SUBMITTED TO: DR.SUPRIYA JHA ASB, AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA, UP SUBMITTED BY: ADITI GUPTA BBA – CO7 A3906413041 SUMMER PROJECT REPORT ASB, AMITY UNIVERSITY, NOIDA, UP OBJECTIVES OF STUDY To study about the company’s marketing objectives. To study company’s variety of products. To overview company’s competitors. To study its marketing strategies: communication strategy, distribution strategy and pricing strategy.
Introduction In India, discriminatory attitude towards men and women have existed for generations and thus it affect the lives of both genders. Although the constitution of India has granted men and women equal rights, but gender gap still remains. Female discrimination violates human rights. These are mostly seen in family land sharing among sisters and brothers.