VEHICULAR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
REVIEW PAPER
Akshit Johri
BITS PILANI, RAJASTHAN
INDIA
f2011789@pilani.bits-pilani.ac.in
Abstract—with the proliferation of various transport media, study about vehicular communication systems has become all the more important as they contribute towards road safety as well as comfort while travelling. This paper reviews the history, evaluation, significance, current state and issues, and future scope of the various communication systems used in present day vehicles.
Keywords—vehicular, communication, systems.
I. INTRODUCTION
Vehicular Communication Systems have grown into a new technology that has made its advent presently in the market, industry or the research laboratories due to increasing traffic on
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Our architecture is able to adapt its functionalities to the network traffic generated by different applications. Advantages in employing PIVCA have been demonstrated through an extensive set of experiments. This work can be extended in several directions. First, have just finalized a prototype of our solution implemented on PDAs and are now starting a real testbed evaluation campaign. At the same time, we are also enhancing the utilized algorithms to be proficient even in a grid based scenario (i.e., streets of a town). We also plan to combine PIVCA with some of the solutions mentioned in Section II-A which are aimed at increasing the reliability of IVC. Finally, to ensure the widest possible compatibility, PIVCA has been designed to operate at higher network layers; however, studies show that there is an optimal choice of transmission range for the latency when considering 802.11 based MAC protocols [17], [27]. Vehicular network communications systems lead to a vast and diverse area of applications as well as services that can range from music and map downloads, safety and life applications to multi hop ad-hoc internet connections. It would be interesting to combine the two approaches to improve even further the performance of the system. Thus, despite considerable preliminary work in the area, there is a large scope for research on comprehensive networking and transport layer solutions that can address the needs of many classes of applications. Due to the difficulty of test bed evaluation, there is also a need for realistic evaluation tools in this area (possibly something similar to what ns-2 brought to the traditional networking world, ideally without the suite of problems that plague ns-2). Thus, IVC systems have significant potential as well as challenges. Many existing approaches provide valuable leads in solving individual
3.1.8 TACA The objective of TACA is to choose a minimum number of cluster heads to decrease the number of nodes in the virtual backbone. The characteristics of TACA are: • The nodes in the ad-hoc network are able to increase or reduce their transmission coverage range. However, there is a maximum range R max. • Nodes mobility and Battery power are considered as a weight deciding factor.
I. Site “Springfield” Device and STP Configurations Site Details and Challenges (Summary) This section will implement device hostnames (to correlate with the xACME educational topology labels), provide a sample configuration for the MOTD and login banner, and provide configuration steps for applying device passwords (encrypted) on the console port and VTY. This section will also review what the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) does, its benefits, and provide a sample configuration for applying STP on the switches. Security methods that can be applied to the devices will be reviewed as well.
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Specialist Dental Services (SDS) has an existing Token ring infrastructural that uses IEEE 802.5 standard, meaning that it is a local area network in which all computers are liked in ring or start topology. A token (special bit pattern that travels around the circle, computer catches token to send a message, after attaching massage token is then continues traveling around the network) design is used to prevent collision of date between messages that were send at the same time. In the token ring infrastructure data rate transfer is 4 to 16 Mbps, with shielded and unshielded twisted-pair cabling of 1,2,3 IBM types to wire a token network. An Ethernet is different, since whenever any computer needs to send data, it does not need a token to send a message, any computer can send data at any time.
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I am going to explain the current methods and protocols we use in a LAN environment to provide a high level of redundancy, such as EtherChannel, FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocols) and STP (Spanning Tree protocols). I will briefly explain how the protocols work & then discusses the latest implementations of the protocol and the environment you would expect to see them working in. The STP is a protocol that prevents loops from occurring in a switched LAN environments when a device has multiple interconnected paths. The protocols works by sending BDPU messages across in the interconnected devices, detects the loop then removes it from the topology by shutting down the port.
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• ICMP; is one of the main rules of the internet protocol suite. It is used by system devices, like router, to send error messages showing, for example, that a demanded service is not offered or that a crowd or router could not be touched. • DHCP; Dynamic host configuration protocol is a customer server rules that repeatedly delivers an internet rules (IP) address and other linked arrangement information such as the subnet mask and avoidance entry. • Bluetooth; Bluetooth is a wireless communication technology that lets people to usefully connect their plans with other policies “and “the character of the technology is developing to not only allow devices to talk with one another, but actually allow the all-in-one communication between devices, native requests and the cloud.” •
So, there are still some future investigation possible 8. Routing is a significant technique in wireless sensor networks in which experimenters are required to locate and
The movie Hitch is a romantic comedy that feature Will Smith. The comedy co-star other individuals such as Kevin James, Amber Valletta, and Eva Mendes. In the movie, Will Smith takes the role Alex Hitch Hitchens and he is portrayed as a professional date doctor who trian other men on how to get a women. Hitch finds himself falling for Sara Melas as he advises Allan Brennaman on how to get his celebrity boss, Allegra Cole. The film “Hitch” (2005), staring Will Smith and Eva Mendes, explores the idea that no one holds the key to knowing everything there is to know about relationships.
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The technology that we have today is unbelievable compared to what the companies had when we first started to make cars. We all know that our future is getting more and more advanced, and we will possibly have these self driving cars within the next ten years. Overall, we need to prepare ourselves for the next generation of cars. This research paper is written to explain safety, pollution, and time that will be saved with the use of self driving cars.
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