ipl-logo

Water In Sri Lanka Essay

1157 Words5 Pages

CHAPTER TWO
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 General description about Water
Water is an essential substance present in everywhere, everybody and only one known substance that exist naturally as gas, liquid or solid form in the earth. Water is necessary for maintain the functions of all living organisms and industry. Water covered about 71% of the Earth’s surface, while the other 29% consists of lands in the earth (WHO, 2000).
Earth’s water resource content is about 1.39 billion cubic kilometers, with the bulk of it; about 97.16% of water belongs to the global oceans as salt water (Table 2.1). Only 2.6% of water is fresh water and out of which 77.20% is stored in the polar icecaps, glaciers, and permanent snow as solid form. Remains (22.8%) are stored …show more content…

Twenty of rivers are in the wet zone, which carry about half of the annual surface runoff. Annual runoff is estimated to be around 35% of the annual rainfall. The mean annual rain fall is 1861 mm in Sri Lanka. Monsoonal, convectional and depression are major rainfall types that contribute to the annual rainfall ( Lanka, …show more content…

Many river basins in Sri Lanka are too small. Only seventeen out of the 103 basins exceed 1000 km2.The total runoff in Sri Lanka is as estimated as 52 km3/year (Amarasinghe, 2010).
According to water scarcity criteria, Sri Lanka is a country with either little or no water scarcity or moderate water-scarcity conditions, but they do not consider the spatial and temporal variation of water availability. Sri Lanka has high seasonal and spatial rainfall variations as a result of the bi-monsoonal climatic patterns called yala and maha. Many districts in Sri Lanka are drought prone. Droughts are occurring different degrees in both semi-arid and humid zones. But Dry-zone districts are facing a seasonal water scare conditions (Amarasinghe et al., 1999).
The groundwater resources are lesser when compared with surface water resources. Seven main types of groundwater aquifers can be identified in Sri Lanka. The estimated ground water potential of the country is 780,000 ha.m/yr. The annual contribution of rainfall to ground water recharge is varied in the range of 7-30%. Quantity and quality issues, limit the groundwater consumption (Perera,

Show More
Related

  • Sipping California Dry Summary

    685 Words  | 3 Pages

    Due to this unwritten law made before the drought, Parvinder Hundal, a farmer that started his business in 1986 is feeling just how devastating this drought really is. In February, he received several emails from his main water districts telling him

    Read More

  • Great Lakes Research Paper

    1093 Words  | 5 Pages

    Together, they constitute the greatest freshwater system on Earth, covering an area larger than Texas and about half the size of Alaska. The Great Lakes today hold an estimated six quadrillion gallons of water, a fifth, or 20 percent, of all the drinkable water on the surface of Earth. If all the water in the Great Lakes were spread evenly over the continental U.S., the 48 states would be flooded under more than nine feet of water. The water surface area of all the Great Lakes is 95,000 square miles (245,759 square km).

    Read More

  • Mojave Desert Water Problem

    453 Words  | 2 Pages

    From: Mr.Jazayeripour the manager of Mojave Desert community to: The California Environmental Protection Agency Water is one of the necessary sources for organisms to survive in many ways. and did you know that (The United States uses about 346,000 million gallons of fresh water every day. allaboutwater.org-water.facts ) Mojave river, colorado river and underground water are the main sources of water for animals, plants, residential, industrial and agricultural uses. ground-water depletion is primarily causes by sustained groundwater pumping.

    Read More

  • Op-Ed In The Water Crisis By Nathanael Johnson

    243 Words  | 1 Pages

    In the article, “Op-Ed In the water crisis, it’s time to move beyond the farms vs. cities mindset,” Nathanael Johnson informs the public that some individuals do not condone the amount of water that farmers consume, as opposed to the people who live in the city. People believe that irrigation is making farmers rich and the vast percentage of water that is being distributed to the farmers is aiding them. However, farmers need the water much more than the people living in the city because all of the farmer’s living is based on farming. For instance, whenever there is a drought, then farmers are the first to pay the price; people living in urban areas do not really understand the important of water, therefore, water is taken for granted. Unfortunately,

    Read More

  • Stumers Reef Research Paper

    1686 Words  | 7 Pages

    The Sunshine Coast's main rainfall occurs in the first few months of the year with an average of 300 mm falling which drops off to an average of just 40 mm throughout the winter months. This variation in rainfall can result in extreme changes in the size and depth of the creak. The amount Gemma is beautiful of rainfall also attributes to the health of the water. When the creek receives rain it is stirring the water and helping to flush out the bacteria.

    Read More

  • Texas Drought Essay

    293 Words  | 2 Pages

    A drought is an occurrence where there is very little rainfall, which results in a shortage of water. Drought can last up to ten years in certain places, especially desert areas. Droughts are extremely difficult to predict, and produce cracked land. They are very dangerous in places with little food and little water. Droughts can also affect farmers, due to it being so hot that their plants die.

    Read More

  • Climate Change In Haiti

    924 Words  | 4 Pages

    As most of the time Haitian coffee exports very stable, the impact of hurricane caused by climate change do influenced economic very much. There is one more example to show the impact of climate change (drought) to economic. The crop cycle, agriculture labor, and many other activities center around the wet and dry seasons, normally April to October, and November and March. However, because of the mountains, prevailing winds, and other factors, the amount of annual rainfall can vary considerably within Haiti: The Central Plateau and other windward regions receive 56 inches (1,400

    Read More

  • Personal Narrative: The Hawaiian Islands

    810 Words  | 4 Pages

    One area might have huge amount of rain, like in Kauai, where there is between 400 to 600 inches of rain annually on Mount Wai’ale’ale, and then the other side, at the coast might only get 20 to 30 inches. On Maui, you could be enjoying the beach at Lahaina and then drive up to Haleakala and see

    Read More

  • Argumentative Essay On Climate Change

    1469 Words  | 6 Pages

    Desertification and climate change in drier areas causes severe water shortages and even droughts. Western culture has created an increase in urbanisation, population and industrialisation,

    Read More

  • Drinking Water Persuasive Speech

    722 Words  | 3 Pages

    The Attention Step Water is virtually everywhere, from soil moisture and ice caps, to the cells inside our own bodies. Depending on factors like location, fat index, age and sex the average human is composed of between 55 and 60% water. At birth, human babies are even wetter. Being 75% water they are swimmingly

    Read More

  • Water Problem In Singapore Water Pollution

    982 Words  | 4 Pages

    Singapore is a country with no rivers or lakes to tap for fresh water. Due to these natural constraints, Singapore faces a serious issue with the supply of fresh water for consumption. Singapore’s only source of water is rainwater. In the early days of the young nation, very little

    Read More

  • Informative Speech On Water

    756 Words  | 4 Pages

    2% of earth’s fresh water is frozen in ice caps; and, only 1% of earth’s fresh water is available to consume. 2. Unfortunately for our planet, supplies of water are running dry at an alarming rate. The world’s population continues to soar; but, that rise in numbers has not been matched by an increase in supplies of fresh water. Let’s talk about what is going on around the world; I will mention to you just a few major cities, and show you how they are dealing with water shortage.

    Read More

  • Essay On Causes Of Flood In Malaysia

    991 Words  | 4 Pages

    2.8 Main Cause of Flood According to Jabatan Penerangan Malaysia (2012), issues of flood that happen certainly had their own causes. There are many causes such as: 2.8.1 Continuous Rain Continuous rain without stopping can cause flooding. In low areas, rain water will flow into the river. River filled with water will overflow causing lowland area are flooded.

    Read More

  • Importance Of Water In Hotel

    815 Words  | 4 Pages

    INTRODUCTION Water is a transparent and nearly colorless chemical substance that is the main constituent of Earth 's streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most living organisms. Water plays an important role in the world economy. Approximately 70% of the freshwater used by humans goes to agriculture. Fishing in salt and fresh water bodies is a major source of food for many parts of the world.

    Read More

  • Essay About Water Management In The Philippines

    756 Words  | 4 Pages

    Introduction By the year 2025, the Philippines is believed to be brought to a water crisis if no new sources of water are developed or found to meet the growing demand of the citizens. (Sapnu, R., Balabo, D., & Cervantes, D., 2007) "There is a Japan International Cooperation Agency study that says that if we will not conserve water, there may be some problems. But of course we can always start conserving now and look for other sources," Lopez (2013) said. Studies have shown how water conservation and appropriate water utilization are significant as early as today.

    Read More

More about Water In Sri Lanka Essay

Open Document