Literature Review: Parkinson's Disease (PD)

iii. According to the Mayo Clinic’s article, Frontotemporal Dementia, says that it is normally misdiagnosed as a psychiatric problem and it states that this type of dementia normally occurs at a younger age than Alzheimer’s does and it is commonly between the ages of 40 and 45. B. Symptoms i. Many people who have FTD have changes in their behavior, become impulsive, and lose their ability to speak.

Anxiolytics which are similar to sedatives and hypnotics are drugs that work on the central nervous system to treat anxiety and insomnia. The main classes of drugs are benzodiazepines and barbiturates. Barbiturates are a class of drugs that have been derived from barbituric acid. Barbituric acid itself has no therapeutic activity; however, its derivatives enhance the action of GABA, a neurotransmitter that inhibits the activity of nerve cells in the brain. Traditionally, barbiturates were used in the treatment of anxiety, epilepsy, anesthetics, and to induce sleep.

Currently the most accepted hypothesis is a vascular disruption causing a hypoxic/ischemic insult to the brainstem in the first trimester23, 24. This can be caused by various teratogens evoking uterine contractions. The following teratogens have been described including: gestational hyperthermia 25, 26, chorionic villus sampling 27, abuse of benzodiazepines 28, alcohol 25,cocaine29, thalidomide 30, ergotamine 31 or self-induced abortion – misoprostol 32. Hypoplasia or aplasia of the nuclei can also be caused by genetic mechanisms 1, but because the majority of Moebius syndrome cases are sporadic, genetics play only a minor role. So far three different chromosomal regions for familial Moebius syndrome have been reported: MBS1 (OMIM 157900, 13q12.2-q13) 33, 34, MBS2 (OMIM 601471, 3q21-q22) and MBS3 (OMIM 604185, 10q21.3-q22.1) 35, 36.

An example of illness that can result in anterograde amnesia is herpes encephalitis. This illness is believed to be the result of the retrograde transmission of the virus from the face following simple herpes (HSV-1) reactivation, along a nerve axon, ending in the brain (Whitley RJ 2006) The virus lies inactive in the ganglion of the trigeminal cranial nerve, it however remains unclear what exactly causes the reactivation and how it gains access to the brain pathway though its believed it may be a result of changes in the immune system caused by stress. It is also believed that the olfactory nerve may be involved in this particular illness, offering an explanation its preference for the temporal lobes of the brain, as it sends branches there. If left untreated after 96 hours permanent damage in

Percocet Withdrawal Treatment Percocet is a combination of acetaminophen and oxycodone. Acetaminophen is a pain reliever which is less potent but its effect increased when it is combined with oxycodone. Oxycodone is an opioid pain medication. Percocet is often used as a prescription drug to relieve moderate to severe pain. But too much of Percocet dependency leads to addiction of it.

Recent studies have shown (Guo et al, 2013), that mutations in mitochondrial genes are implicated in Parkinsons. A reduction of activity of Complex I of the electron transport chain and mutations in mtDNA-encoded complex I subunits and mtDNA polymerase γ are associated with Parkinson’s. Huntington’s Disease is an inherited disorder which causes death of brain cells. Studies show that it is caused by the reduction of activity of complex II in the electron transport

And yet one can intervene in various ways - with in order to control and prevent the individual problems. The myotonic phenomenon, when significantly disabling, can improve with the use of drugs such as quinine, diphenylhydantoin or antiarrhythmic agents such as procainamide and mexiletine; and yet, since these drugs can produce side effects, the employment opportunities to be assessed case by case basis in relation to the actual severity of myotonic phenomenon. A level cardiology, using antiarrhythmic drugs, inotropic, antihypertensive and diuretics; cataracts can be removed with a simple surgery. The power supply should be treated in order to avoid ponderal overloads; it is not contraindicated regular physical activity, but not to be tiring. Finally it shows the ventilation therapy of support, when they appear increases of carbon dioxide and daytime and / or night-time hypoxia for reduced respiratory muscle

Parkinson 's disease and Shingles Parkinson 's disease (PD) par·kin·son·ism (par 'kin-son-izm) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system. The symptoms can come on slowly as time progresses. In the beginning of this disease, the most obvious signs are shaking, and slowness of movement, and difficulty with walking. Thinking and behavioral problems can occur as well. Dementia becomes common in most advanced stages of this disease.

Encephalitis is different than meningitis on the fact that encephalitis infects the brain directly. The exact cause of this disorder is not known, but main cause of encephalitis that we do understand is different from meningitis. Encephalitis is most often caused by Herpes Simplex Viruses, a viral infection (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2017a, para. 17). Patients dealing with symptoms of this disease would be asked in assessment about loss of consciousness, problems with speech and hearing, and muscle weakness Mayo Clinic Staff, 2017a, para.

The terminal half-life after inhalation is estimated to be 17 hours. 7.0 Contraindications/Adverse Side Effects 7.1  Contraindications for Formoterol include hypersensitivity to Formoterol or to Lactose Monohydrate; may cause anaphylaxis, severe hypotension and angioedema.  It should not be used as a first line treatment for asthma, and patients on long acting β2 agonists should also receive anti-inflammatory treatment with inhaled corticosteroids.  Oxis Turbohaler may be introduced as add-on therapy when inhaled corticosteroids do not provide adequate control of asthma symptoms, however patients should not be given Oxis Turbohaler during an acute severe asthma exacerbation, or if they have significantly worsening or acutely deteriorating asthma.  Daily Dose should not be