Literature Review: Review Of Related Theories
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
A. Review of Related Theories
1. Teaching Speaking Ability
Speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non verbal symbols, in a variety of contexts (Chaney, 1998: 13). Kayi said what is meant by “teaching speaking is to teach ESL learners to: (1) produce the English speech sounds and sounds patterns; (2) use word and sentence stress, intonation patterns and the rhythm of the second language; (3) select appropriate words and sentences according to the proper social setting, audience, situation and subject matter; (4) organize their thoughts in a meaningful and logical sequence; (5) use language as a means of expressing values and judgments; and (6) use the language quickly and confidently with few unnatural pauses, which are called as fluency (Nunan, in Kayi, 2007: 1).
According to Martin Bygate (2000: 6), since speaking is a skill, there are two basic things that should be taken into account. The first is motor perceptive skill. It involves perceiving, recalling and articulating in the correct order sounds and structures of the language. And the second is interaction skill which is the skill to use knowledge and basic motor perceptive skills to achieve communication.
2. Techniques and Strategies for Teaching Speaking Ability
Communicative language teaching and collaborative learning serve best the students to learn to speak in the second language by interacting. Bygate states that teaching
Psychological Approach: A Psychological Analysis
1272 Words | 6 PagesThe biological approach clarifies the behaviour in terms of biological processes within the body and it focuses on genes, chemicals like hormones and the brain. The only approaches in psychology that examine behaviours, feelings, and thoughts from a biological and physical point of view. Nevertheless, explains the aggressive behaviour in terms of hormones testosterone. The other one is sleep and it is a repair state of consciousness during which the body less active and less responsive to the outside world. Sleep is part of circadian rhythm which happens once in 24 hours.
Compare And Contrast The MOHO Model And PEOP Model
900 Words | 4 PagesStudent name: Ho Man Ka , Manka Student ID: 15002488 Topic: Compare and contrast the MOHO Model and PEOP Model A. Introduction This essay aim is to compare the three different mainly parts of the Model of Human Occupation (MOHO) and the Person-Environment-Occupational Performance model. (PEOP), which is basic assumptions, components and applications MOHO is a client centred, occupation focused, evidence based conceptual model of practice. (Kirsty Forsyth , Gary kielhofner.)
Cyp 3.9 1.2
720 Words | 3 PagesSpeech, language and communication can be supported through play and activities in a number of different ways, children/young people need the opportunity to express themselves using language. It is important to help them develop language skills and to help them use language effectively. It is essential to listen to what is being said and respond appropriately. It is important to be aware of any additional needs, and if English is a second language.
Bibliography Summary: A Literature Review
884 Words | 4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography Strazdina, I. (2015). Displays of the sense of the humor in psychological defense system. European Scientific Journal, 1, 216. Retrieved February 13, 2018, from http://lemoigne.web.cern.ch/lemoigne/esi.html This paper aims to study the use of humor for psychological protection, features of different types of humor, and the impact of humor on others.
Psychodynamic Theory
2976 Words | 12 PagesIntroduction The aim of this paper is to integrate the philosophical and practical assumptions of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic and the person-centered school. Taking the psychodynamic approach as the core theoretical orientation, the propositions of other schools of psychotherapy may be integrated to formulate client problem as well as inform treatment. This paper will begin with outlining the key philosophies of the psychoanalytic/psychodynamic and person-centered approach, followed by their points of contact and opposition as well as their strengths and weakness. Secondly, an integrated framework may be briefly explained.
Psychodynamic Theory Vs Social Learning Theory
856 Words | 4 PagesThe criminological theory that I think is the best is the social leaning theory. The social learning is a social learning behavior which is affected by your peers. The people around you can really affect the way you think and act. Just hanging and socializing with people you can adapt bad habits. Learning also occurs through the observation of reactions and punishments.
6 Psychology Perspectives
802 Words | 4 PagesPsychology can be broken down into six main perspectives. These perspectives are biological, behavioral, developmental, cognitive, whole-person, and sociocultural. The biological perspective focuses on the nervous system, the endocrine system, genetics, and physical characteristics. This perspective has very strong roots in medicine as well as biological sciences.
Nature Vs Nurture Theory
700 Words | 3 PagesThe nature vs. nurture debate centers on whether human behaviour and personality are inherited (nature) or acquired (nurture); in other words, whether a person’s environment or a person’s genetic inheritance determines their behaviour and personality. Goldsmith and Harman (1994) adopt a neutral position, in which both nature and nurture influence people, stating that they “believe that the fundamental issue concerns the interplay between characteristics of the individual and of the relationship” (54). Goldsmith and Harman discuss temperament and attachment for infant, with temperament being linked to the nature side of the debate and attachment being linked with the nurture side; as a result, the infant’s temperament influences the attachment bond between the infant and the mother, but the attachment bond influences the temperament of the child as well. Therefore, both nature and nurture interact with each other to produce people’s behaviour (Harman et al. 54). Andersen and Berk (1998) take on the nurture perspective, while Leary (1999) claims that nature is the determining factor of a person’s personality.
Psychodynamic Perspectives In Psychology
162 Words | 1 PagesIn modern psychology there exist many different psychological approaches studying human behavior with each one focusing on specific aspects to study, employing differing methodologies. Two major approaches (perspectives) are the psychodynamic and behavioral perspectives. Both perspectives attempt to decipher human behavior, but they examine it from quite different views. The behavioral perspective explicitly considers psychology as a science and employs scientific and objective methods of investigation. It assumes that behavior, good or bad, is learned and the environment is the primary factor affecting learning.
Biological And Psychodynamic Approach
636 Words | 3 PagesThe main aim of this assignment is to find out the strength and weakness, similarities and differences between the different approaches of psychology such as biological approach, behavioural approach and psychodynamic approach. I have chosen mental illness to evaluate these approach. The biological, behavioural and psychodynamic approaches of psychology are connected to the nature and nurture argument. The biological approach highly talks about nature side of the argument and states that all behaviour is biological and is treatable.
Oral Language: The Six Components Of Reading
1136 Words | 5 PagesOral Language is when the language is spoken to express ideas, thoughts and even emotion. Before a child learns to read, the child begins to speak and connect through saying the words aloud. With that in mind, a child can identify and connect the words on the page to the picture that appears through their mind base on the concept of oral language. Oral language goes beyond the classroom walls because it starts from the words, saying and ideas that they’ve personally heard and experienced through their life. Therefore, many educators test their students on their Oral Language abilities, and Oral Language is comprised of Phonology, Semantics, Grammar, Morphology, Pragmatics, and Discourse.
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Structural Functional Theory
784 Words | 4 PagesStructural Functional Theory Structural functional theory is a macro sociological theory that is based on the characteristics of structures, social patterns, social systems and institutions such as education, religion, leisure, media, economy and politics. If all these social institutions are organized and co-operate with one another around a set of core values functionalist theorists assume that the entire social system will function properly and efficiently. Society in structural functional theory has a view that it is an organized system of interrelated parts that are held together by shared values and established social arrangements that help maintain the system to be in a state of balance and equilibrium. Structural functional theory is a broad perspective in sociology and anthropology which sets out to interpret society as a structure with interrelated parts. Functionalism addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its constituent elements; namely norms, customs, traditions and institutions (Vibha Desai, 2013).
Theories Of Behaviour
1659 Words | 7 PagesBehaviour is the way in which we act, speak and treat other people and our environment. Children and young people whose early social and emotional development is positive are more likely to make friends, settle well into school and understand how to behave appropriately in different situations. They have strong self- esteem and a sense of self- worth, but also have a feeling of empathy for others. They understand what the boundaries are, and why they are necessary. Behaviour has a significant impact on current and later success for children and young people, in terms of their social skill development, education and employment.
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Classical Management Theory
968 Words | 4 PagesIt refers to the patterns of communication, interpretation and adjustment between individuals. Both the verbal and nonverbal responses that a listener then delivers are similarly constructed in expectation of how the original speaker will react. Workers contribution is more involved in this theory. (Markes, 1999) Contributions 1)
Theories Of Psychiatry
1427 Words | 6 PagesPsychiatry was involved in personality disorders, which then were connected to psychopathic behaviors, which are considered aggressive and antisocial. 3.2 Criminology According to Bartol, in an article titled Psychiatrist and the science of criminology: Sociological, psychological and psychiatric analysis of the dark side, he argues three things: Conformism, non-conformism, and neutral. Conformism states that humans are favorable, conforming people; therefore, doing what society deems good.
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