Literature Review: Soft Clay Soil

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

A. Soft Clay Soil

Soft clay soil is cohesive soils which is most consist of grains that are very small such as clay or silt. Properties of soft clay soil is low shear strength, large congestion, low permeability coefficient and have lower bearing capacity than the other clays. Soft clay soil generally have the following properties:

1) Low shear strength.

2) Plastic and easily compressible when wet condition.

3) Shrink when dry and expand when wet condition.

4) Large compressibility.

5) Change volume with time due to creep at constant load.

6) Shear strength will decreased when soil structure is disturbed.

7) Shear strength will decreased when the water content increases.

B. Sand

In geology, sand is a sedimentary

Lime

Limestone is a mineral that is commonly used by industry or construction and agriculture, include for building materials, building stone stabilizers highway, agricultural liming etc. Material Lime is a white and fine objects made of sedimentary rock, forming a rock composed of the mineral calcium. There are many varians of lime, that is:

1) Quick lime (kapur tohor) is burning result of natural limestone whose mostly composition is calcium carbonate (CaCO3) at temperatures above 900 degrees celsius occur calsinasi process with release the CO2 gas until remaining solids CaO or also called quick

The Mixing of quicklime with water will release hot bubbles air.

CaO + H2O (Water) —–> Ca (OH)2 (Slaked lime) + thermal

Lime as a stabilizing agent typically used slaked lime or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). Because if using quicklime can endanger the test equipment (causing corrosion) and safety of workers, because quicklime is hot lime.

D. Consolidation

Consolidation is a process of shrinkage volume on perfectly saturated soil with low permeability due to the pore water drainage. In other words, consolidation is a wring out process of ground water due to the operation of the load, which occurs as a time function because of small permeability.

According to the consolidation theory of Terzaghi, consolidation consists entirely of two parts, namely:

1) Primary Consolidation

Consolidation which runs due to the drainage of water from the soil so this settlement is due to in effective stress.

2) Secondary Consolidation

Consolidation is still running after the primary consolidation is completed, after there is no more stress of pore water. And lasts for a long time and having small