CHAPTER-3
LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1 The family decision making process
Early research on family purchase decisions centered on spousal influence across various decision stages (Davis, 1971). But gradually the scenario changed a lot. (Morwick, 1983) said that children and adolescents do form an important part of the family purchase decision process and they are also to be considered while making purchase decisions.
Influence is said to occur when an individual acts in such a way as to intentionally change the behavior of another individual (Cartwright, 1959). Perceived influence involves family members ' perceptions that they have engaged in actions that have a meaningful impact on the purchase decisions. Influence is “relative to” the influence
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Products used by the child (toys, dresses).
2. Household products (furniture, television).
3. Products common to the whole family (holiday, car, foodstuff, spending the leisure times).
1.3 Factors that need to be considered when examining children influence on family purchase
According to (Berry and Guber 1993) ‘‘children affect their families for everything which is the part of their lives’’. This influence covers a broad spectrum of decisions ranging from which food stuff to buy in the market to which computer or car to buy, which film to see or which restaurant to eat (Meyers, 2004). Some factors should be taken into consideration when examining children’s influence on family purchasing:
(i) economic factors;
(ii) interaction between parent and child;
(iii) conflict; and
(iv)
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Jenkins (1979) reports that children influence on the family purchasing decisions is much more intensive in families with high income levels. Similarly, Tansujah et al. (1991) has shown that the higher the income of the family, the more influential is the role of children to select the restaurant where they will eat. Beatty and Talpade (1994) verify that in the case where both parents are working the child exerts intensive influence on the purchase of durable products. However, this is not valid for the products the child uses. Lee and Collins (2000) stated that gender of the child has influence on the purchasing decisions of the family. Yeh and McNeal (1997) investigated the influence of Chinese children on the purchasing decision of their families and found that in 21 products the influence of boys and girls was equal. Also Wang et al. (2007) found no gender effect in child influence across all stages of family purchasing decisions. Other research showed that parents socialized their sons and daughters equally in regard to the amount of time spent with them, as well as in discipline and communication (Demo and Cox,
To determine the families role, the Social workers should assess the various roles family members play in order to better understand family functioning. Understanding Families: Family Assessment (Page 339). Gathering information about family structure, function, and needs does not have to be restricted to structured interviews. Getting to know your clients family and the role they will play in each other 's lives will save a great deal of time in the long run.
This analysis paper exams various styles of conflict and how this family chooses to handle their conflict. In 2005 Anthony and Jay were put in the custody of the State of California. Anthony was 5 years old and his brother Jay was 3 years old. After their mother Jackie a drug addict fell to provide, care or support them. Jackie would leave them with strangers and family member for extended periods of time.
In a research done by John Hopkins it was concluded that “They found that a child 's fate is in many ways fixed at birth — determined by family strength and the parents ' financial status. The kids who got a better start — because their parents were married and working — ended up better off. Most of the poor kids from single-parent families stayed poor.”
Often, individuals with higher income have flexible regarding purchases considering that they have enough financial power to use on basic needs and to save. As a result, such individuals are expected to buy the company products in bulk or more frequently irrespective of the price of the products. On the other side, low-income earners are not expected to purchase the company products in bulk or frequently. Nevertheless, consumer income is widely affected by the rate of inflation which determines the amount of money they receive as salaries and wages as well as the prices of the company’s product. Inflation is widely defined as the continued increase in prices of products and consumers.
The article “Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior” was written in 2011 by Amy Chua, who is a professor at Yale Law School in the United States of America. The article follows significant themes such as the upbringing of children and perfectionism. In the article, the author, Amy Chua, explains the differences between the upbringing of children by respectively Chinese parents and Western parents.
& Marshall, G. (2009). Relationship Selling, 3rd Ed. Retrieved from: www.betheluniversityonline.net Lurie, N. (2004). It Could Happen To Me: Risk Estimates and the Positivity/Negativity Bias. Advances In Consumer Research, 31(1), 426-429.
Family structure talks about family arrangement and composition which includes the roles and interactions (Edelman, 2014). According to Minuchin (2012), the family structural theory emphasis on the important of the family structure and its changes that occurs and how the individuals in the family relate collectively over time to put up and accept each other. Minuchin says further that a well-functioning family will choose how to solve and handle the family experience with a positive outcome. The goal of a structural family is to express the strengths in each other in critical moments, and helping each other through it. Developmental theory is the methods used as the viewpoint of family tasking and development through phases of life (Edelman, 2014).
After completing a family analysis and assessment with various models, I would like to reflect on how I can better utilize these tools in my future and gain a better understanding of family centered care. I will be using the Rolfe, Freshwater, & Jasper (2001) model to complete my reflection and weigh the pros and cons of assessing the family with the Calgary Family Assessment Model, the genogram, and the ecomap. I started making the genogram first, this was probably the most laborious part of the assignment. Getting used to the computer programming took the majority of the time. After the initial struggle to gain momentum, the project became much easier and the ecomap was created more naturally than the genogram.
This essay discusses how the family is viewed by two different sociological perspectives- functionalism and conflict theory. Firstly, ‘family’ is defined. Secondly, the main ideas of functionalism will be discussed followed by how this theory perceives the family. The main ideas of Conflict Theory will then be examined and how conflict theorists perceive the family.
From this scenario, I have learned about systems theory as well as other psychological theories such attachment theory. Firstly, based on my research on “Family Systems Theory “(Murray B.) family systems theory suggest that an individual, in this case, Sinead, cannot be understood as an individual alone but instead as part of a family as a family is an emotional unit. Families in every aspect are systems of interdependent and interrelated individuals that cannot be understood if a single person is isolated and examined. Each member in the family, has a specific role to play and a set of rules in which they must follow. Maintaining a certain system in the family may lead to balance in the family but also to huge dysfunction.
Family theories have been used throughout the history of nursing to help guide patient care and provide the best patient outcomes. Certain theories may be more applicable to the specific patient encounter; however, each theory has benefits and drawbacks to their use. The purpose of this paper is to examine two selected theories, comparing their strengths and weaknesses. I will also discuss a theoretical family in relation to one theory, and how that theory can be best integrated into the care provided by an Advanced Practice Nurse (APN). Description of Theories
Language skills Language skill is one of the milestone achievements of the first two years of life. Children are born with innate schema of communication, such as body language or facial expression to communicate with parents or caregiver. The acquisition of language starts from phonology, which is an important skill for a child to master where he or she is to absorb the sound and identify the sounds form one language to another. This was nurtured both at home and in school where Alexander has to absorb sounds from native (Cantonese) and foreign languages (English).
Introduction In this case study, it analyse how the concept of family has changed in the past 20 years as it will be depicting modern family forms and past norms. It is important to look at how families have developed throughout the years up until the 21st century as we compare the two and elaborate on the difference and what makes it so significant. In this case study, it contrast and compare the television series Modern family which is a 21st century concept of family and The Simpsons which was adapted 27 years ago and how things have changed with family dynamics and what is the norm now which was not the norm years ago.
Consumers make purchase decisions when buying small items (such as a cup of coffee) and buying larger items such as houses. Consumers begin to search for products or services that meet their needs after recognizing their needs or needs. They evaluate their choice and pay attention to everything from pricing to brand reputation before the mark is purchased. Four consumer buying behaviour overview product purchase