Livia as history most often knows her as the wife of Augustus for over fifty years from 38 BC her husband’s death in 14 AD it a very long time in view of life expectancy in ancient Rome. They remained married despite the fact that she had no children. Livia’s position as first lady of the imperial household, her own family connections, her confident personality and her private wealth allowed her to exercise power during his lifetime and afterward. All the Julio-Claudian emperors were her direct descendants: Tiberius was her son; Gaius (Caligula) , her great-grandson; Claudius , her grandson; Nero , her great-great-grandson.
Livia did not have an impressive pedigree. Her father was adopted as an infant by M. Livius Drusus tribune in 91 BC.
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During the civil strife that followed the murder of Julius Caesar her first husband Nero had joined the party of the assassins and fought at Philippi. After the Republicans were defeated there, he turned to the party of Mark Antony specifically to Antony’s brother L. Antonius. Pompey was attracting remnants of Rome’s upper class. From there he and Livia and their small son Tiberius moved on to Greece. Amnesty for adherents of Antony allowed them to return to Rome in 39. Octavian , the “rising sun”, needed connections with aristocrats like Nero to provide an aura of Republican respectability to his growing power, and marriage to Livia secured it. She brought to this union not only her Livian and Claudian ancestry but also her two sons Tiberius and Drusus heirs of the distinguished Claudii Neurons. As for Octavian he no longer needed Scribonia because Pompey, with whom she had a family connection,no longer had to be conciliated. The ancient sources do not speculate about Livia’s feelings, but she was probably happy to be joined with a younger man of such overwhelming promise. Nero newly pardoned by Octavian did not have a real choice but he was aware that it did not hurt to bestow his wife on Rome’s ascendant power. Everyone gained by the arrangement.When
Eventually, Clodius actions started to affect the Triumvirate interest and in particular Pompey, after the arranged attempt for assassination by Clodius in August 58 BC. Pompey hide home till end of the year in fear for his safety and he uses proxies: the tributes, Titus Annius Milo and Publius Sestius, to recruit gangs to combat those send by Clodius. Pompey also supported the measure in the senate to recall Cicero back from exile twice in 58 BC and again in 57 BC. The Cicero recall was finally voted and pass in August 57 BC.
Nero was just sixteen when the emperor Claudius died and was named as princeps after he bribed the Praetorian guards to secure his succession. Wary of any rival to his power, he ordered the execution of Britannicus, Claudius’ son with Messalina, as well as the exile Agrippina, his own mother. Nero’s first five years of reign were generally peaceful but he would soon sink to madness after this. He had his own mother killed, became increasingly corrupt, and wasted Rome’s tax money for his vices.
The accounts of Agrippina’s death, as narrated by Tacitus and Suetonius, take on an almost farcical tone, but eventually, according to the sources, Nero successfully killed Agrippina. Before her death, Agrippina wrote an account of her life and career, becoming the first known woman author in Roman history, as she was the only woman on record to have published her memoirs. (Wood, 481) She was also the first imperial woman to bear the title Augusta during her husband’s lifetime.
The reverse depicts a mule drawn carriage with the inscription, S.P.Q.R IVILAE AVGVSE, which were honors decreed to Livia, Augustus' wife and Tiberius' mother. The S.P.Q.R specifically refers to the senate and the people of Rome, while the IVILAE AVGVSTA refers to the name given to Livia after being adopted into the Julian family in Augustus' will.3 One reasoning for referencing Livia is the fact that she is the connecting piece of the succession. Continuing in Augustus' obsession of his heir and successor, Tiberius would want to establish his lineage to Augustus through Livia, as Tiberius was not Augustus' biological son, but rather his step-son through Livia. Another reason to honor Livia is because of her status within the empire. As wife and mother of emperors, Livia is widely recognized throughout the empire for a model of family, honor, and
Fulvia’s efforts greatly contributed to the breakdown of the Roman republic. Fulvia had three politically significant husbands, who many historians including Plutarch, have stated that she greatly influenced them in their time of power using sexual interest and her cruel nature, her most important husband in relation to the downfall of the republic being Mark Antony, ally of Caesar and rival of Octavian. Fulvia consistently challenged traditional Roman standards of women, this can be greatly seen through her feud with Cicero, who has multiple statements concerning Fulvia, and her subsequential reputation of cruelness towards him. Fulvia did not just lead from behind her husbands, as before the end of the republic, she sparked a war against Octavian with her half-brother, no reason being entirely confirmed. Her actions behind the scenes and in front of armies have contributed greatly to the breakdown of the Roman
Death of the Republic 91202 James Morrissey Power in a name Julius Caesar was popular among the citizens of Rome. Caesar had gained this popularity due to his successes in war for Rome and the laws he created for the wellbeing of Rome. The reason Caesar was assassinated in 44 BC was due to declaring himself dictator for life of Rome. This is because the term dictator was considered a toxic word in Roman politics as almost all previous dictators had been tyrants in Roman history. The senators who assassinated Caesar believed that they would be celebrated for killing Caesar .
Whether Claudius was a passive observer of Agrippina’s scheming is up for debate. Claudius certainly recognized Agrippina’s political skills and the stability she would bring to his shaken government. Agrippina’s rising influence and power can best be illustrated by the many honors bestowed on her around this time. In AD 50 she received the title Augusta, which was the feminine form of the honorific title Augustus that was adopted by emperors. This was an honor that had rarely been granted to the wife on an emperor.
She gave the position of Praetorian Prefect to Burrus who was a supporter of Agrippina, this new position allowed him to watch over the Emperor Nero. Agrippina's legacy to Rome was her influence over Claudius which caused him to make her son, Nero, Emperor, rather than his own son, Britannicus. Her success ensured that her direct descendent would rule the Roman Empire; and gave her, as his mother, direct influence over the rule of Rome. But in the first few months of Nero’s reign, she had control over him and the empire. However, she slowly lost this control for various reasons.
Livia Drucilla was one of the most influential imperial women during and after the principates of her husband Augustus and son-in-law Tiberius. Even though the imperial women who followed such as Agrippina the Elder and Younger emulated her actions and also embodied the same role, Livia was the original first lady of Rome. The role of the women in the Julio-Claudian era was to legitimize and support the emperors as wives, mothers, and sisters. Livia was able to support both her husband Augustus’ new polices as well as have influence during the reign of Tiberius through her public works and associations with various goddesses. As a result of her noble family lineage, Livia’s public image functioned to legitimize Augustus’ rule as well as gain
In ancient history Romans have always been the dominant force that would build itself back up and strengthen into a major civilization for hundreds of years to come. Although, what a lot of people don’t know is how the Romans initially began or perceived to be created as a people that was born from mythological stories that tied into their own culture at the time. Titus Livius (Livy) was an historian that wrote many books on the history of Rome, but today we will only go through an English translation from 1919 of Livy’ first book. We will be discussing what happened (what was written down as the origin of Rome), some interesting points in the text, and analyze the way Livy wrote/structured his work. Let’s start with a summary of what the book is about.
Cicero came from a wealthy family was a consul in the year 63 B.C. He supported the democracy and did not trust Caesar and his desire for power (Cornine et al. 248-249). Caesar's dictatorship lasted only a year because he was assassinated by members of the senate (Biography.com
After hearing that Octavian was going to transport her to Rome, out what could have been shame brought her into action to killing
The people of Rome along with the conspirators convinced him to kill his former friend, Caesar. His last words before killing Caesar were “not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.” (III.II.19-24) This shows that he cared more about the society and people of Rome, than his friend. It also shows how they could influence him to turn against his friend.
The Roman and Greek civilizations have many elements in common , both of them have flourished in the field of architecture , art philosophy and science , because both of them occurred very close to each other so they were influenced by each other , to be more specific the Greeks have been influenced by other cultures , and have influenced the Romans , so they have many similarities and differences in these fields . Both Greek and romans flourished in Architecture and art , starting by architecture , the columns in both civilizations were one of three styles or what we call orders , Doric , ionic , and Corinthean . With decorated roofs over these columns , pediments . The basic structure of the temples has been adapted from the Greeks with
“If you must break the law, do it to seize power: in all other cases observe it”- Julius Caesar, the man who is known as one of the most fascinating political figures of all time. The one who through his military genius, expanded the Roman Republic to include parts of what are now Spain, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Belgium. Although the hero had many followers and admirers, he was ultimately stabbed to death by his own fellow politicians. Caesar was born in July, 100 B.C.E to Gaius Caesar and Aurelia. The family claimed a noble history but hadn’t produced many influential people till then.