Longitudinal Waves Experiment

Aim: The aim of this project is to determine the ear's ability to allow us to perceive the pitch of sounds by detection of the wave's frequencies, the loudness of sound by detection of the wave's amplitude and the timbre of the sound by the detection of the various frequencies that make up a complex sound wave. Introduction: Understanding how humans hear is a complex subject involving the fields of physiology, psychology and acoustics. The ear consists of three basic parts - the outer ear, the middle ear, and the inner ear. Each part of the ear serves a specific purpose in the task of detecting and interpreting sound. The outer ear serves to collect and channel sound to the middle ear.

The tuning fork’s vibrations were directing along the length of the tube with its prongs lined up along it. The tube’s length was adjusted until the volume of the sound was at its highest amplitude. Then the length of the column was measured by its resonance. These steps were repeated for the other two tuning forks. The hypothesis was not supported because the highest frequency had the lowest length of the tube.

The transmitted wave/light will experience refraction at the boundary between media. As we observe the diagram on the right, the individual wavefronts will bend as it cross the boundary. Once the wavefront cross the boundary, it travels in a straight line, hence why refraction is known as a boundary behaviour. The diagram shows a ray drawn perpendicular to the wavefronts which represents the direction which light travels. We can see that the rays travel in a straight line inside of the two media, and bends at the boundary.

It explains how decreasing the number of GABA receptors leads to greater excitability and greater motor learning. The second study examines long-term potentiation and how strengthening certain synapses can affect motor learning. This study shows that occluding LTP-like mechanisms of synapses not heavily involved in motor learning can lead to beneficial effects for motor learning and retention of motor skills. The third study examines not only the effects of an individual’s genetic makeup on brain plasticity, but it also looks at the effect of dopaminergic systems on motor learning. This study explains that a certain genetic makeup will lead to greater brain plasticity and will, in turn, lead to better motor learning.

Therefore, increasing the risk of suffering the injury in the lower extremities. According to the researchers, the foam rolling is one of the effective ways to avoid injury and increase short term flexibility (10, 2). However, some factors decrease the flexibility of the ankle such as shoes. Comparing a person who jumps while wearing a low top shoe to a person who jumps with a high-top shoe it is

Rubbio [6] says that a tight soundpost makes the sound “nazal and sharp”. Moving the soundpost back from the bridge makes the sound “gentle in the treble”; closer to the bridge “sharper and more authoritative”. Gerald Betteley [7] says “a harsh tone can be mellowed by fitting a softer soundpost and bridge, and a weak tone can be strengthened by fitting a bridge and soundpost of greater density”. He goes on “if the E string is brilliant but the G string lacks power, fit a new but fractionally longer soundpost, using the same wood density. To make the upper register less strident and improve the resonance of the G string, move the soundpost toward the G string (and vice

Not only the crystalline lens, but also radial and circular muscles regulate a crystalline lens tension. The crystalline lens is not a solid body – it’s elastic allows to change light refraction angle. It is the making component of the mechanism of a dynamic refraction. The essence of process consists that at absence on a retina of a sharp image of a subject (a poor or excessive tension of a crystalline lens); the signal

The sound of one’s voice changes as the rate of vibrations changes. As if the number of vibrations increases, the pitch increases as well meaning that the voice would sound higher. - Projection, - Speaking style. 2.3.2.2) Nonverbal Expression Nonverbal expression includes those aspects of communication, such as gestures and facial expressions, which do not involve verbal communication. Defined in The concise Corsini encyclopedia of psychology and behavioral science these techniques involve the conscious and unconscious processes of encoding and decoding.

This device produces a two-dimensional pattern called a spectrogram in which the vertical dimension corresponds to frequency and horizontal dimension to time. The 16 bit gray scale level is used to represent the given spectrogram. Even though the colour representation is more visually appealing, it sometimes leads to misleading interpretation of the spectrogram. The darkness of the pattern is proportional to signal energy. Thus, the resonance frequencies of the vocal tract show up as dark bands in the spectrogram .Voiced regions are characterized by a striated appearance due to the periodicity of the time waveform, while the unvoiced intervals more solidly filled in.

P waves is a longitudinal or compressional waves that can travel through solid and liquid, whereas S waves is a transverse wave that can only travel through solids. Surface waves are both longitudinal and transverse wave and it move in a direction that is both parallel and perpendicular to the direction of wave motion. The P waves causes the particle of rocks to vibrate forward and backwards in the direction of the waves. On the other hand, S waves causes the particles of rocks to oscillate at right angles to the direction of waves. When P and S waves reached the surface of the Earth they get converted into long waves that travel along the surface, vibrating horizontally at right angle to the direction of the waves are called “Love Leaves” or “Rayleigh” waves as they also travel like a sea waves.