• Mountbatten was the last viceroy of subcontinent .He was given the responsibility of partitioning British India and to send back British troops back to united Kingdom.
• Princess of India also had good relationship with last viceroy with this relation most of them acceded to persuade viceroy to have separate states for union India and Islamic republic of Pakistan . PAKISTAN STUDIES
The War of Independence (1857)
1. Partition of India : Unique
Division of subcontinent led to creation of two autonomous states , Pakistan and union of India.
Partition also refers to the division of the Bengal province of British India
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He played a vital role in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of India.
• He was against the partition of India but his thought changed after the circumstances he observed in Bengal.
• Currently his family is politically involved in Indian politics.
Mahatma Gandhi unique
• He was a major political and spiritual leader of India and the main key player in Indian independence movement.
• He was the founder of Satyagraha , which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights.
• He is the Father of Nation for India.
Reasons for Partition of India unique
The main reason behind partition of India was ,it contains large majority of Hindus. If India was not divided at that time then Muslim’s had to live under the governance of Hindus, Muslims got a feeling that they may get injustice and may not be treated well and may not perform their religious obligations . So they started demanding separate a homeland .
Partition of India is consist of four phases
• 1920–1932 (“Root for Partition Idea”)
• 1932–1942 (“Spread of Partition Idea”)
• 1942–1946 (“Partition at its
The British improved and modernized India which formed their efficiency that they have today. They established railroads and bridges so people can travel thru their country easier. The British also ingrained a fair trading system between India and British. Some may claim that it was not fair because the Indian textiles were getting sold less and less. From 1790 and so on the sales of Indian textiles progressively declined (Doc. 6).
The British empire had taken over many colonies, India refused to be one of them. Britain set up trading posts in three cities. One of those cities, the mughal empire collapsed and britain 's posts quickly took control. Britain found that India was very valuable with the resources that they could easily take and use to sell to the high population of India. Britain put the justice and military system into place for India which made an efficient profit for them and made them all in all knowledgeable.
Mahatma Gandhi was a civil rights leader. Gandhi is credited with freeing India from British rule. Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869. He studied in London to become a lawyer and went to South Africa to practice law. While he was in South Africa he began to congregate with the Indian population and held silent strikes against social injustices (Biography.com).
He lacked compassion, a sense of dignity, and respect for humanity. Gandhi, a man who excelled in character resulting in long lasting successful leadership. His character was honest, peaceful, and steadfast. He is remembered for the good leadership he had due to character. In, The Killer Angels, by Michael
This is a fair statement to make as he did do a lot of work in the Indian Independence Struggle (from here on out referred to at the Struggle) but he was not the only person involved. There were many activists and great leaders that have gone unmentioned throughout the Struggles written history. Here these individuals and groups will be exposed and the truth of their works and their true efforts acknowledged. They played a massive role in the independence of India possibly more so than Gandhi himself.
The foundation of the New World bought many troubles to Native Americans. Europeans posed a threat to many of the Indians. A significant amount of conflict was brought upon the early World as the Europeans invaded the territory the Native Americans had already claimed. The goal of “settling” was far from easy.
Mohandas Gandhi was born in 1869 in the Indian coastal city. His family taught him to respect all religions and to believe that all living things are holy. Gandhi traveled to England to study law and after getting his degree returned to India. When Gandhi went back he saw that Indians were treated horribly by the British and they were forced to imitate them. Gandhi refused to live by this and believed people should live free of all class, wealth, and educational distinctions.
Gandhi convinced the Indians that he could get them their independence. They would get their independence long as they didn't cooperate. Gandhi used a couple of lines from the Declaration of Independence that in other words meant, “if a law is unjust, then it is not a law.” Gandhi also told his people that in order to pretext they had to be willing to get jail time. Gandhi's methods worked because both his people and him were uncooperative.
The Native American tribes and the United States have a very long and devastating past. The english came from overseas and started taking the Natives land which they didn’t like. The Colonies did barter with some tribes, but fought for territory with most other tribes. The French even became allies with the Natives to try to defeat us in war. We befriended the Cherokee and a couple other dangerous tribes though in defence of their tactics.
India, one of the many colonies England controlled in the past was the “Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire. Although in the beginning, it was controlled by the British East India Company as a source of cotton, tea, and indigo. The British had indirect control of India until the Sepoy Rebellion in 1857. Although Britain created India’s government and military, improved trade, protected land, claimed to improve education, and increased minority safety, however the government and military controlled and excluded Indians, trade only benefitted the British, statistics show education was better after Indian Independence, valuable land was degraded and minorities still felt fear and insecurity.
Mohandas Gandhi is one of the greatest nonviolent activists ever. Gandhi came up with the word ahimsa, which meant nonviolence. He also introduced to the world the word satyagraha, which meant peaceful civil disobedience. In 1930 Gandhi and a group of followers began a march of more than 200 miles. Three and a half weeks later they made it to their destination, the sea.
Khushwant Singh’s Train to Pakistan recounts the event of the Partition of India, which happened in 1947. Set in a fictional village of Mano Majra, the novel aims to depict the cultural and political clash between the Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims and, by following the development of the characters, unveil the moral of humanity. Throughout the novel, Singh portrays the experience of conflict that each character, including Juggut Singh, Iqbal Singh, and Hukum Chand, has to deal with. Based on the characters’ development, Singh’s goal is to present the idea that love always conquers the power of violence and ethnic antagonism. Singh starts off with a description of the Partition and of Mano Majra, a habitat for Sikhs, Hindus, and Muslims.
The divide and rule thesis is a plausible method to explain rising communal antagonism. There were several factors that encouraged communal antagonism in colonial India. The British administration’s policy of course was one of them. The policy treats the masses as gullible agents. People
Many people felt intimidated by his radical ideas, The government also felt threatened by him. He refused to pay a poll tax and was put into jail, as a civilian it was his responsibility to follow this law but he broke it. Although, he is viewed as a radical and a crazy person he greatly impacted people’s views about speaking out against laws that are abusive. Gandhi and Thoreau had many similar views about how life works and the correct way a citizen should act in a society. They also had very different perspectives, but both of these men influenced and taught our society, how violence and peace come hand in hand and how they should be applied in
British India was partitioned into two independent states i.e. Pakistan and India in 1947. The idea behind the creation of Pakistan is to have a home for the Muslims of South Asia. As Pakistan is an Islamic country by the constitution and in contrast India is a secular country. Paksitan and India were founded