The argument presented by Lori Gruen questions the idea of natural and normative. Lori Gruen introduces the idea of natural, pondering the idea as something instinctual or cultural. The traditionally defended argument is that dominating animals in any sense is valid since it serves our self desires(47). Furthermore, perceiving it as an evolutionary necessity as humans developed the ability to further their own interests at the expense of moral agents. On the other hand, Gruen argues the claim of evolutionary necessity is not morally permissible, and justifying the lack of moral attention for the interests of other species for the rudimentary differences between her, a moral agent, and a moral patient. Personally, I think that Gruen’s argument …show more content…
There is only mention of “marginal” human beings, and the option to either treat non-persons at the level of marginal human beings, or vice versa. This thinking is myopic, however, because this makes treatement of marginal human beings and animals interachangeable. Eva Kittay discusses this by mentioning her daughter, and how ACM would allow for her daughter to get the same care as an animal which would be inappropriate. The very idea of treating non-persons equally to persons is valid, however, it must be treated in a case by case basis, rather than a ubiquitous solition. The reason being, the intrinsic properties of an individual cannot be the extent to which one considers its moral status, one should also consider the species, and the situation itself. This concept of equality that the critique argues, introduces the treatment of marginal human beings and non human animals, but does not focus on the vast differences that currently exist between these two parties. All things considered, if these critiques hone into species differences and proportionally how to treat each individual party with respect then these critiques would all-inclusive. All things considered, these critiques remain myopic because they do not consider conflicts of interest, especially in regards to the
John T. Noonan’s “An Almost Absolute Value in Human History” he proceeds to argue about abortion and when an undeveloped human should be given the rights of an actual human. John T. Noonan poses the question, “how does one determine the humanity of a being.” With this question on hand he considers four ways to consider when “determining humanity.” “Viability: When the undeveloped human ‘can survive outside the womb.’ Experience: When the undeveloped human can ‘retain memories.’
Nora Rodriguez is ahero because she helps immigrants with their immigration paper work. The article states that "a honduran women runs a business helping central americans with thier immagration paper work. Also she is a hero because she spoke up for the people about thier injusties. The article says that "she has gone from simply providing a support service to demmanding change regarding the injustes and discrimination.
Celeste Headlee argues that due to the increasing use of ‘within reach’ technology, we’re losing our ability to converse face-to-face and that opens a brand new door for modern conversation. A conversation requires a balance between talking and listening, which somewhere along the way we lost balance. We tend to use conversation as a platform to focus more on our own thoughts and feelings rather than it being a place for discussion and understanding. Sometimes, while someone is telling us about their faults and failures, we tend to stop listening and revert back to OUR faults and failures.
On the viewpoints of legalization on the Baker Institute website, Kevin A. Sabet argues against the legalization of marijuana. Throughout this argument, Sabet brings up opposing facts on the subject and then refutes them. He also uses a logos appeal strategy by using statistics and facts to help back up his views. For instance, in his first view point about the harm of marijuana usage he states, “1 in 10 people who try marijuana will become addicted to it, developing a dependence that produces withdrawal, cravings, etc. If marijuana use starts in adolescence, the chances of addiction are 1 in 6.”(Sabet:
Grendel was a wise man and didn't mind a fight. Grendel was hairy, muscular and smelled like a onions on a sunny day. Several people followed him because of his confidence and his arrogant ways. His peers could smell his cockiness from a mile away. People didn't understand why he was so mean
In this paper, I will focus on Bonnie Steinbock’s claim on whether or not we should give equal moral consideration to species outside our own species group. I will first determine what moral concern means, according to Peter singer, and explain how he views the human treatment of animals. I will then outline Steinbock’s argument against Singer’s position and explain how her criticism is part of a much broader issue: that is moral concern. I will finally make my argument against Steinbock as well as address any issues she could possibly raise against my argument. Peter Singer believed that all species, whether it be human or non-human, deserve equal consideration of interests and quality of life.
In Jeremy Rifkin’s article, “A Change of Heart about Animals”, proves his statement that many of our fellow creatures also “feel pain, suffer and experience stress, affection, excitement and even love..”. I agree that animals share similar feelings as us, and I believe that they should be treated in a way that they can feel comfortable and care in their surroundings. Just because animals may not be completely the same as us, that should not give the right to a human to mistreat and abuse of an animal’s life. Animals can be well treated and cared for without giving them the right to be treated as a human.
One topic that many scholars are debating right now is the topic of animal rights. The questions are, on what basis are rights given, and do animals possess rights? Two prominent scholars, Tom Regan and Tibor Machan, each give compelling arguments about animal rights, Regan for them and Machan against them. Machan makes the sharp statement, “Animals have no rights need no liberation” (Machan, p. 480). This statement was made in direct opposition to Regan who says, “Reason compels us to recognize the equal inherent value of these animals and, with this, their equal right to be treated with respect” (Regan, p. 477).
In the article All Animals Are Equal, written by Peter Singer addresses the inadequacies surrounding the rights of animals in the societies of today. Singer opens the article by presenting a scholarly parallels between the fight for gender equality, banishment of racism and the establishment of rights for “nonhumans.” In order to explain this constant set of inequalities that seem to riddle our society, Singer readily uses the term “speciesism”, which he acquired from a fellow animals rights advocator, Richard Ryder. Essentially, this term is defined by Singer as a prejudice or attitude of bias in favor of the interests of members of one's own species and against those of members of other species. Singer claims that if this idea of speciesism
In human history, a number of oppressed groups have campaigned for equality, demanding for an expansion on the moral view of life, and to be treated fairly in the eye of consideration. This means that when the matter concerns this group, their voices are heard, and treated with value, and consideration. Where this equality is not determined by an assembly of facts like that group’s collective intelligence level, the colour of their skin, or the physical strength of their bodies. This is what Peter Singer brings up in his essay: “All Animals are Equal”, that non-human animals should have equal consideration with humans when matters concern them. Going into a specific set of non-human animals known as primates, I argue that primates should have some of the fundamental rights and equal consideration that are given to humans.
While the choice of whether to remain loyal to the crown or join the revolution became popular in the late eighteenth century, two men, Jonathan Boucher and Thomas Paine, decided to voice their beliefs and later became well known for their arguments. Though Boucher stated strong points about why remaining loyal to Great Britain was the correct choice, Paine’s argument was more appealing because he clarified that America would offer various inviting benefits that Britain was not able to provide. Paine compelled people because of the clarity in his argument. He avoided utilizing language that people were incapable of understanding, and he made his points sound appealing by using “a new style of political writing” (#31, p.95). Paine informed
When it comes to Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics, I believe that he has found a common thread in humanity in the fact that humans strive for the moderate in living virtuously. However, I would argue that the thread is varied enough to have no true worth in discerning the aspects of humanity. People have too different moralities and goals. Because Aristotle allows for these “local variations”, as Martha Nussbaum later terms in her defense of Aristotle, he is acknowledging that there cannot be an overarching analysis of humanity.
Without this knowledge and level of respect, any action can be justified because it’s “just another animal”. The theory of evolution justifies this mindset, bringing more persecution to the unborn, elderly, and mentally disturbed. This destructive idea ruins lives and must be struck down. Because God created human beings in his image, all people have should respect the rights and dignity of
The suggestion that Andrea’s friend gave Andrea is not an effective way for Andrea to reduce her anger. Pounding a pillow is not a way to control anger. Andrea cannot pound her way out of anger (Markman). This is an ineffective way because hitting the pillow will build up anger against Andrea’s boyfriend. It will be a good thing if Andrea reduces her anger because anger can harm people.
In Gary Francione and Anna Charlton’s argument, it presents a valid, but unsound argument. The argument has 5 premises that lead to the conclusion of the argument. Premise one explains animal have some moral value, but less then a human. This can be seen as a anthropocentric view for it as human centered focus and clearly states that humans have more value than non-humans. In the Anthropocentric environmental ethnics reading, the author states, “…Nature has made all things for the sake of man” (Murray, Anthropocentric environmental studies ethnics, pg. 1).