2.21. Lymphatic filariasis in Sri Lanka The initial description of LF was given by John Davy in 1821 in his book, while he was traveling Sri Lanka (then Ceylon) (Dissanaike, 1991; Anon., 1999). A survey conducted in 1912-1913, revealed W. bancrofti distribution in Galle and Matara town (Schweinfurth, 1983). Further investigation in 1930 showed widespread distribution of B. malayi throughout south west coast, and scattered pockets in the northwest and north central regions (Sasa, 1976b; Schweinfurth, 1983). Early historical evidences suggest that, LF had been introduced in this island by migrant from India and China (Abdulcader & Sasa, 1966) or by invaded Malayan and Chinese army in southern coast during 13th to 15th century (Schweinfurth, …show more content…
bancrofti and B. malayi in the island, Anti Filariasis Campaign (AFC) was established on 24th October, 1947 to play key role in LF control in the Island. The AFC was formed as a vertical organization for Ministry of Health to reduce burden of LF disease. During that time, W. bancrofti was the main LF causing parasite, and distributed in south western coastal belt between Matara to Negombo, and , B. malayi was dispersed in north western, north central to eastern regions. In 1962, W. bancrofti was widely distributed in the island, spreading from Matara to Negombo and covering approximately 400 km2. AFC survey found an estimated mf rate of 3.6% (Dissanaike, 1991). Survey in 1930 gave an impression that, incidence of B. malayi may have link with invasive water plant Pistia stratiotes commonly termed water cabbage or water lettuce. The role of this plant for developing Mansonia larvae at early stage was established. Extensive exclusion of the plant affectedly reduced transmission of B. malayi cases in rural areas (Schweinfurth, 1983). Cases of B. malayi significantly curbed down, and elimination was confirmed by 1967 by examining thousands of blood smears (Gautamadasa,
They spread further by latching on to recreational boats that were later used in new, uninfected bodies of water.” states macalester.edu.
The Columbian Neo Indian Trade, which happened in the year 1492 can be portrayed just like a trade of thoughts, sustenance, yields, ailments and populaces between the New and Old world. The motivation behind why this specific time period is of such significance is on the grounds that not just would these occasions would have affected the general population living in this time however it would likewise change the future for eternity. I will give careful consideration to a portion of the new things individuals of the New World would have been presented to amid the period. In this paper I will concentrate on products, innovation, animals, ailment and religion. Plants that were included in the Columbian Trade had an effect on the way of life
Pesticides such as lampricides and chemicals are being used to target invasive species such as purple loosestrife and sea lamprey. Since prevention is not always guaranteed, these lakes should be closely monitored for invasive species and in a case where it occurs rapid eradication should be practiced to prevent their growth and save further
In the case of filicide or false confession, the case takes place in the Netherlands in 2006, a mother of two children Kim made a call to emergency services claiming that someone broke into her home attacked her and killed her two children. Kim stated that the assailant Benny was looking for her ex-boyfriend Richard who owed the assailant money. During the call to emergency services, Kim told the dispatcher there was blood everywhere, based on her crying and inability to speak clearly Kim seemed to be suffering confusion as well as extreme distress and panic. Upon arrival at the home of Kim, officers found the lifeless bodies of her children, Roxanne age 2 and Don age 6 months who were both stabbed to death in their beds (de Ruiter & Kaser-Boyd, 2015). Kim is escorted by officers from her home to the police station where she is informed that her children are dead, her response in uncontrollable crying.
Dermatomyositis is an uncommon inflammatory muscular disease, which involves the degeneration of collagen, discoloration and swelling of the skin and underlying muscle. Dermatomyositis is known by it’s distinctive skin rash and muscle weakness. Dermatomyositis affects children and adults, but it usually affects children between the ages of five and fifteen, and it occurs in adults in their late forties through sixties. Dermatomyositis is also more commonly found in females than males.
These childhood illnesses had grown widespread in most regions other than remote villages, killing one fourth to one half of all children before they turned six years old. However, with the notable exception of influenza, survivors carried some level of immunity, and frequently absolute protection, to the majority of these illnesses. Yellow fever and falciparum malaria likewise made their way across the Atlantic from Africa to the Americas. Falciparum malaria is by far the most severe form of that plasmodial infection. These illnesses circulated throughout Native American communities as epidemics in the centuries following 1492.
One of the biggest summer nuisance would be the mosquito, but more specifically the Ades aegypti mosquito. The Aedes aegypti is the vector for yellow fever and the cause of the numerous deaths. In her book The American Plague: The Untold Story of Yellow Fever, The Epidemic the Shaped Our History, Molly Caldwell Crosby presents the idea that the mosquito is not just the only reason an epidemic occurred in the 18th century. This story accounts for the disease that broke out across the world and nearly destroyed almost all of North America’s population, which some believe could have been avoided by simple quarantine analysis and sanitary methods.
The American doctors couldn’t find the right cure so that was when the French doctors came to America and helped treat the fever. The fever got spread due to infected mosquitoes. Refugees came to America and brought the disease. The American doctors along with the French Doctors had similarities and differences
For over 40,000 years Indigenous Australians have enjoyed one of the most stable civilisations in the history of the planet. Through their complex social and spiritual systems they have maintained a historical record of all those has preceded them as well as maintained a harmonious balance between them and the local environment. This all changed once the convict fleet from England arrived, they claimed the land in the name of the crown believing the land was barren. This was based on the consideration that the indigenous population present were not civilised or more accurately what they saw didn’t meet their standard of what is civilised.
Imagine ourselves walking to class, professors scurrying to their next class, people having conversations and laughing out loud, maintenance workers taking care of the problems around the campus, police officers watching vigilant, and then all of the sudden they all disappear. The only thing that can be heard is the whispering of the wind, there is no trace of where they went, they just simply –vanished. This terrifying idea is not a joke, it can be seen all across America and around the world, not with humans, but with bees. In last few years there have been significant decrease of bees across the nation and the world. It is a worldwide epidemic that needs our attention and care.
Follow up of the case and trials. Data Gathered: Duration of outbreak, Gender involved, Race, Community ,Geographical area, Social Status, Economical status, Religious Belief, Staple Diet, Environmental Factors, External Factors like wars, land disputes, anxiety , Social status and vulnerability of the
K&U5- Diagnosis of malaria Early and accurate detection of malaria is required to make sure that the patient is treated in time and also to prevent further spread of infection within the neighbourhood through local mosquitoes. If diagnosis and treatment is delayed, it may increase the chance of death of the patient, therefore malaria should be treated as a possible medical emergency and health practitioners should know how to diagnose and treat malaria instantly. A health practitioner should know what the signs and symptoms are of a patient infected with malaria.
It was passed on through fleas found on rats which were found on ships that were bring in trade from different
The American-French Doctors in Philadelphia, 1793, tried to treat yellow fever. Foreign ships brought the deadly infected mosquitoes to America. People got this disease by blood to blood contact, which is when an infected mosquito bites someone, and then bites another. Now, because of this blood to blood contact, over 4000 people died. So now, let 's get to the facts.
The Indian Ocean and Trans-Saharan trade routes shared products like textiles and ivory, enhanced the spread of Islam, and spread disease; but, due to the Indian Ocean’s trading style, spread diseases much quicker and spread a plethora of different