M. H. Abrams: A Reflection Of Art
In the present time, we think that any piece of art is brought into life by the artist who brings his creation in being by using his imaginative powers. However, this present mindset about an artist-oriented analysis of the text is comparatively more recent. M. H. Abrams’ claims in this essay “Orientation of Critical Theories” that the dominant ways of interpreting art have been different throughout the centuries. Since the time of Plato to the late 18th century, the role of the artist was considered to be secondary in the process of the creation of art. The artist was merely compared to a “mirror” who presented a reflection of nature in the way it is or in a more beautified and enhanced way. This very designation of the artist as a mirror …show more content…
According to the expressive theory, the artist’s job was not anymore to act like a mirror and reflecting the things of nature. Instead, he now externalized his internal emotions and feelings and made it the main subject matter. However, there is a caution to such inward expression of art as it may result to a more subjective and emotional, and it can be frequently questioned for how much genuine and accurate is the reflection of the poet’s inner mind. Critics like John Stewart Mills argued, based on the ancient ideas laid down by Aristotle, that the lyrical form supplants the drama; spontaneity is more important than conceit or form; imitating the external world is not important as it is merely a way of expression the inner state of mind and lastly, the audience is not necessary at all. Abrams provides us with a rough overview of the course of Western aesthetics. The poets were mimetic in the age of Plato and Aristotle and their personal emotions and feelings didn’t intrude in their works. In the Roman era, the poets were pragmatic and more emphasis was given on public satisfaction, abiding by the rules and applied the techniques that were derived from the rhetoric. From the 1800s, the poets set in the task of expressing their inner genius. And then from the 1900s to the present, objective theories took over and are most prominent which was propagated by writers like T. S.
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