Macroscopic Analysis
A urinalysis is done for multiple reasons that include checking for disease, in the treatment of particular diseases, as part of a routine physical examination. There are 16 components that are checked during this test.
Urine is analysed in two way either microscopic or macroscopic. Microscopic is taking a sample and placed on a slide and examined under a microscope. A Macroscopic analysis is done by making visual determination of color and clarity. These tests are done to check for the presence of disease, the color and smell of urine can indicate the presence of infection. To check the treatment in particular diseases like diabetes, kidney stones, high blood pressure, and liver and kidney disease to see if treatment is effective. Other
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Odor: Urine usually has very light smell but the presence of an extreme fruity or sweet smell could indicate diabetes or starvation while really bad odor could indicate the presence of E Coli.
4. Specific Gravity: The gravity of urine is based on how the kidneys balance the amount of water in urine. The more water the less specific gravity and the less water the more specific gravity.
5. pH: This is used to measure how acidic or alkaline urine is. Normal value is a pH of 7 and a doctor will measure this and instruct on ways to keep it more or less to help kidney stones from forming.
6. Protien: This is not usually found in urine and if found is usually caused by fever, pregnancy, and some diseases especially kidney disease.
7. Glucose: This too is not usually found in urine and if so in very small or trace amounts. It found in higher amounts it indicates high blood sugar levels from spillage or kidney damage.
8. Nitrates: Nitrates in urine indicate the presence of a UTI that is caused by a bacteria that makes an enzyme turn urinary nitrates into nitrates.
9. Bilrubin: This is not normally found in urine it is a waste product of the liver and is a component of bile. When found in urine it is an early indicator of liver disease because it has leaked into the blood stream and been removed through
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