ECT Literature Review

Literature review
Introduction
The efficacy of ECT to treat major depressive symptoms has been established by means of multi studies that developed during the last decades. ECT is the most effective physical and biological therapy available for depression, and no other type of therapy up to now has shown to be effective more than it with major depression patients according to controlled trials studies(Antunes et al., 2009). Despite of that there was controversial issues around using of it. The aim of this revision is to present proponents and opponents perspective regarding using of ECT with MDD disorder according to reviews , meta analyses, and randomized clinical trials. Proponents of using ECT with major depressive disorder

According to Royal College of Psychiatrists Registered charity that highly recommended using of ECT with MDD under specific conditions , if there was need for quick symptoms relief like suicide and catatonic behavior, using several antidepressant were ineffective, patients intolerance side effects from medication, patient experience and preferred that, and had resistance to other types of treatment(Royal College of Psychiatrists Registered charity, 2015) . People with major depression suffer from poorer Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) that measure of a person ability to perform physical and mental health over time. So some studies concern to measure it, for example study done in the Journal of Affective Disorders, the researchers is measured HRQOL in 283 patients they had treatment-resistant depression before ECT, several days after ECT, and 24 weeks after ECT. The researchers found that there was significant improvement in HRQOL in people with major depression (Bjelseth et al.,

Opponents of using ECT with major depressive disorder Cognitive side effects consider as the main limitation of ECT(Kellner et al., 2010; Prudic, 2008 & Sackeim et al., 2009). Although the decrease symptoms of depression obtained by ECT, the improvement in some neurocognitive functions have been seen, like attention, concentration and general intelligence, some alteration has been observed in abstract thinking and reasoning and creativity (Kellner et al., 2010) . and adverse cognitive effects for examples disorientation, impairment in learning, anterograde and retrograde memory loss , may be happened after a convulsive shock(Prudic, 2008). Other study done by Consoli, De Carvalho, and Cohen (2013) conclude that ECT treatment effect on decreased intellect, attention, executive functions , perception and visual function , also can slower information processing speed and reaction time, additionally may contribute with language