DNA replication is a fundamental aspect of life & is essential for preservation of genome integrity. Environmental factors or drugs can cause DNA damage or lesions that lead to arrest of DNA replication forks. Replication fork arrests are among the most serious threats to the genomic integrity because they might collapse, break & are thought to be cause of many mutations & chromosomal aberrations (1-2). Eukaryotic cells are equipped with a complex repertoire of responses to DNA damage including several pathways of DNA repair & cell cycle checkpoints (3-5). In humans, defects in this checkpoint can cause genetic instability, which in turn leads to a variety of genetic disorders & cancer (6).
Mammalian Timeless (TIM) is a multifunctional protein
C4564 Description: IC50: 3-AP is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor and iron chelator with antitumor activity. Ribonucleotide reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo DNA synthesis, is an excellent target for chemotherapy. Its increased activity in cancer cells is associated with malignant transformation and proliferation.
Minggang Fang, Fen Xia, Meera Mahalingam, Ching-Man Virbasius, Narendra Wajapeyee and Michael R. Green. (May, 2013) INTRODUCTION: MEN1 is a protein localized in the nucleus that is known to assist in various cellular activates involving cell cycle regulation, transcription, and cellular proliferation. Mutations in the MEN1 gene that result in its loss of function are linked to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. This type of familial cancer syndrome is an inherited autosomal dominant disease which results in an increased
Changing Our Outlook of Animals During the Period of 1800 to 1910 Short Essay Concerning the period of 1800 to 1910, many movements were formed addressing the lives and suffering of animals. Such movements granted better welfare for animals as well as a sentient outlook towards them. Animal protectionists in the nineteenth century worked to create legislation that granted animals immediate legal protections, as well as large-scale public education efforts to explain the harm of cruelty to animals in terms of the animals’ suffering[1]. As stated by Pearson in the Cow and the Plow, animal suffering was simply one of many potential definitions of cruelty’s damages, and when judges and other legal interpreters read animal protection statutes,
“Non-human primates, due to their level of intelligence when compared to other animals, and also due to their evolutionary closeness to man are maintained in several types of captive facilities like laboratories, zoological parks, animal circuses and conservation breeding centres” (Mallapur 2005). They are kept for observation and studies but many of these captive conditions evoke abnormal behavior patterns among non-human primates. Maintaining a satisfied non-human primate in captivity can be challenging. They are many important variables to take into consideration. When the enclosure does not suit the needs of a nonhuman primate it can affect their behavior physically and psychologically.
Climate change influenced nonhuman primate evolution by forcing the evolution of species and creating new environments that allowed for primates to live. "A rapid temperature increase around 55 mya ... led to an expansion of evergreen tropical forests, the environment that made possible many mammalian groups, including primates." (pg. 260). As rapid temperature increase created new environments a rapid cooling in the beginning of the Oligocene limited the range of habitats greatly. Due to this reduction a majority of the primates during this time lived around the fayum region in northeast Africa.
Below the turquoise waters of Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula lies the site of a long ago mass murder. In a geologic instant, most of the world’s animal and plant species went extinct. Drilling through hundreds of meters of rock, investigators have finally reached the "footprint" left by the accused. That footprint marks Earth’s most notorious space rock impact. Known as Chicxulub (CHEEK-shuh-loob), it’s the dinosaur
The Pleistocene epoch, which occurred around 2.6 million years ago and lasted until about 11,700 years ago, was a time of severe global warming and global cooling. This period of time is known to have marked the most recent documented Ice Age. Of the five cited Ice Ages that have occurred since the beginning of time, The Pleistocene Epoch was the first to accrue humans. Moreover, the animals inhabiting the Earth throughout this era were predominately larger than animals living today. Given the facts, many have claimed that the animals existing in the time of the Pleistocene Epoch were genetic ancestors of the animals living in our present day; however, it can be more accurately presumed that it was within the Pleistocene Epoch that the evolution
In the sixth grade, I took a test to see if I was left- or right-brained. To my elementary eyes, the result of that quiz would be the truth from on high—a resolute word that would define the man to come as either analytic or artistic. Unfortunately, the oracle I sought gave me a perplexing answer. Much to my disbelief, my tallied score yielded a perfect split down the middle. Was I mentally ambidextrous or mentally challenged?
Non-human primate infants are usually seen in the wild interacting strictly with their mothers. The research question I proposed was, do infants interact mainly with their mothers, or do the males sometimes carry and feed the infants as well? In my research I wanted to observe all species that I saw. This included White Faced Capuchin Monkeys, Howler Monkeys, and Spider Monkeys. The first species I studied was the Cebus capucinus (white faced capuchin monkey)
I believe, during the short time that I have spent with my species, that I conflicted feelings about whether or not I have a decent idea of the species behavioral patterns. On one hand I am confident in my finding due to the fact that the primate engaged in the same behaviors a great number of times as I observed them. But on the other hand Mercury was the most active so saying that the species, as a whole, all act this way is incorrect and a foolish scientific method. I know that an hour is nowhere near as many hours as professionals take when they do their jobs. It can take months to even years to even get an ounce of any idea of how primates are and their social interactions.
Studying captive primates can help us learn not only how they behave, but also how they are similar or different to each other and humans as well as give us insight into the effects of captivity. This paper will be describing, comparing, and contrasting the behavior of two species of captive primates at the Alexandria Zoo, golden lion tamarins and howler monkeys, as well as discussing the possible effects captivity could have had on them. This paper will also discuss any human-like behaviors observed in the two primate species and what we as humans could learn about our own behavior by studying primates. The two primates I observed were 1 of 3 golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) all of unknown gender and a solitary female howler
I only eat chicken nuggets if they’re shaped like dinosaurs. Not only do I find them ultimately cooler than regular chicken nuggets; I also find the irony of them endlessly amusing. The last line of dinosaur descendants is the awkward looking, buggy-eyed chicken, and instead of majestically ruling the world as real dinosaurs had once before, chickens are systematically bred only to be processed into dinosaur-shaped meat patties. If there’s anything more amusing than having a T-Rex-versus-Triceratops nugget war, it’s seeing the lineage while doing so. I don’t think many people contemplate the irony of the dinosaur-chicken-chicken nugget life cycle in the two minutes and thirty seconds that it takes to microwave a plate of six mini-velociraptor
The mutation which causes the syndrome was found in the “RAS-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (RAS-MAPK),” (Pierpont, Tworog-Dube, & Roberts,
1835: The HMS Beagle arrived at the Galapagos Islands. Darwin couldn’t believe what he saw here, he saw animals that he had never seen before. He was shocked by how an animal was different on each island. An animal called the iguanas which are big lizards had completely different traits on each island. For example, Darwin found one group of iguana’s species spent most of their time swimming and looking for seaweed underwater, whereas the other iguana’s species lived on dry land and ate cactus.
The Jurassic period doesn’t just sound cool, it is cool! This is when the continents broke apart, massive sea flooding inland occurred, huge amounts of future fossil fuels were deposited, large numbers of very interesting fossils were deposited, in many ways this is the period where the rubber meets the road with regard to modern societal resources and interests. Much of the initial work on Jurassic period strata was conducted in western Europe, during the early 19th century.