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Essay On Maoist Conflict

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There has been a resurgence in the Maoist insurgency in India from 2004 onwards following the consolidation of disparate Naxal groups and formation of Communist Party of India- Maoist. In response the government initiated a number of social welfare schemes aimed at improving the socio-economic conditions of the rural populace, with MGNREGA being the most significant program. This period has also seen a huge surge in mining activity on account of increased demand for these resources. There is significant overlap between these mining regions and naxalite affected areas and the mining projects also serve as a tax base for the Maoists. In this paper I develop a simple theoretical framework to incorporate the effect of social welfare schemes and investments in industrial development on the Maoist conflict. I test …show more content…

Poverty and socio-economic marginalization are found to be key determinants of the Maoist conflict apart from geographical determinants like forest cover and vegetation, natural resources. Hoelscher et al. (2012) find positive correlation between conflict and forest cover, population share of scheduled caste and tribes and conflict in neighbouring districts. Gomes (2012) finds that historical property rights institutions affect present day conflict. Borooah (2008) finds that districts with high poverty and low literacy rates are more likely to be prone to Maoist conflict. The relationship between income shocks and Maoist conflict has received considerable attention in recent research on the Maoist violence. Gawande et al. (2012) employ rainfall as an instrument for their measure of natural resource (vegetation) and find that negative vegetation shocks increase conflict. Vanden Eynde (2011) analyze the strategic choice of targets by Maoists incorporating the tax base of maoists as a factor and find reduced form effects of negative rainfall shocks on attacks on civilians and security

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