Marine Environment In Vietnam

Name: Vu Thi Thuy Linh

ID: 49813

Class: GMA 0301

Topic: The impact of human element on marine environment in Vietnam

Viet Nam has a long coast line of more than 3,200km. Besides Vietnam is a coastal country bordered by the East Sea, the fourth largest sea. An area abundant in natural resources, especially oil, gas and marine resources. Taking advatage of the potential of sea, Vietnam are increasingly developing in many fields such as economic, maritime, tourism and transportation. Currently, under the pressure of population growth rate accelerated and economic development needs, many exploitable resources depleted and many parts of the marine environment pollution caused alarming more serious damage. The impact of human activities include

Some coastal waters arecontainminated by oil, zinc, solid waster and seafloor sediment quality, the habitat of marine species are also polluted seriously. The phenomenon of red tide appeared in our country, especially in Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan. It caused huge damage, for example, the appearance of the type of harmful algae, the death of sea animals such as shrimp, fish or crab. Các bãi biển đẹp, nổi tiếng về du lịch như Phú Quốc, vịnh Hạ Long… đang bị nhiễm đục và rác thải tấn công, thậm chí nhiều nơi du khách than phiền nước biển gây ngứa. Beautiful and famous beaches as Phu Quoc, Ha Long Bay,… are effected by garbage, even tourists complained that sea water causes itch. Water pollution situation in the big city is very obviously, especially in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. In these areas, the quantity of waste water from daily activities is directly released to canal, river or irrigation canal. There are many hospitals and chemical site have not got waste water treatment. It is estimate that total of sewage I Hanoi is 300,000 to 400,000 m3 per day, in Ho Chi Minh is 500,000 cubic metres sewage water per day which is released by making paper, washing-powder, dying and knitting of industrial zones. This issue is not only in Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh City, but also in some large city such as Hai Phong, Da Nang, Hue, Nam Dinh, Hai Duong, many index in water is 5 or even 20 times as much as permission

It is natural for things to be washed out to sea by rivers and heavy rain. Run-off also can include chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides that are harmful to our marine environment and ecosystem. In 2010, the GPA chose Vietnam to try to check the amount of marine pollutants and coastal estuaries from land sources. The results showed that the potential of marine pollution from coastal waters is 30% and 70% is due to emissions from land sources ( Minh Khanh, 2015). The report about Vietnam environmental status expressed increasing marine pollution along with the increase of the production activities, development. This problem is demonstrated by the phenomena of red tides, heavy metal pollution, oil spills, plant protection chemicals, marine litter ... According to Center of Ocean Solution, about 70% of marine polution derieved from land, domestics waste and chemical of industrial zone. Recently, the most concerning issue is the thousands of tons of dead fish in the central coastal provinces of Quang Binh, Ha Tinh and Hue. It is suspicioused that the reason is a large amount of toxic chemical from steel mill run by a Taiwanese conglomerate, Formosa. However, scientists considered that there are two causes of the huge numbers of dead fish that are by toxic discharge caused by human or red tide, when algae blooming at an abnormal rate produce toxins ( Dan tri,