Maritime Security Theory

2. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

2.1 THEORETICAL APPROACH The theoretical approach in this paper will use comparative theory and the international security theory. Using those theories seems to be relevant since this paper uses the three models of maritime security cooperation study cases on comparison and that maritime security cooperation consist of many countries in relation each other. To exercise the theories , this paper take CTF-151, independence escorting in Somalia waters and coordinated patrol in Malacca strait as the case studies of maritime security cooperation in combating piracy and armed robbery.

2.1.1 Comparative theory.

The comparative theory says, comparative research design is simple and the differences will be used as a central

Linnea Porathe’s thesis studies the effect of institutional competition between the European Union and NATO in their respective maritime security cooperation at Somalia waters. It takes an approach on a case of institutional competition. This has generated positive outcomes such as learning and experimentation, increased transparency as well as offered new solutions . The other study is written by Andreas Graf in which he applied the lesson learned from countering piracy in South East Asia and off the Horn of Africa. He mentioned the 3 main factors that may be a reason as a characterizing of success action against armed robbery to that respective littoral state in Malacca strait by achieving peace between government of Indonesia and Aceh rebels, establishing a regional maritime security cooperation and International community support and contribution. Yet, this research does not elaborate how and why the cooperation between the actors, rather merely on the output of this cooperation . Those studies use international relations theory approach as this paper

They do not differ between piracy, armed robbery and other petty theft at port. In fact, this is very important, since not all incidents occur in the high seas. Meanwhile, petty theft incidents that occur within the port area, they cannot be handled by warships authority. Instead, they are under the police or maritime port authorities. Analog with this, if theft or robber occurs in the main land, there is an ambiguity whether the military force or the police will have the responsibility. UNCLOS article 101 defines piracy which occurred on high sea or outside the jurisdiction of any state and on EEZ due to article 58 UNCLOS . Although International Maritime Bureau (IMB) defines piracy without limitation of the places of an incidents , but international law does not recognize this broad definition