The central idea of the article Essay: Why sports history is American history by, Mark Naison is women and black athletes had to fight to get their opportunities in sports. In the article it states, “Black people were not allowed to play most professional sports.” This explains one reason why Black American athletes couldn’t play professional sports. Another statement in the article says, “For most of the 1900’s, women were told sports were just for men.” This explains one reason why women couldn’t play any sports. The last statement in the article states, “Black players were not allowed to join until 1947, when Jackie Robinson joined the Brooklyn Dodgers.” This explains another reason why Black American athletes couldn’t play professional
Jackie Robinson that same year integrated into professional baseball, breaking the color barrier. The harassment Black players endured was horrendous but the impact they left on sports and society as a whole made the pain worth something. In the next decade, a scarce amount of African American athletes began to enter the professional
Martin also used an expository writing style which was shown as he presented an occurrence, explained it, and used evidence to support it. With such writing styles, the author provided an in-depth introduction to what the purpose of the book was and how it had an overall impact on the athletic industry in universities. A conclusion is also provided which ties together all the ideas presented throughout the chapters and reflects on how these events combined pushed for integration of people of color in college sports. Throughout the chapters, the themes noticed were how social structures and racial ideologies were present in the United States and the types of movements or policies put in place to challenge such structures. To support his thesis, Martin used factual records such as different news media and university archives during the time frame of 1890 and 1980.
In the article titled Face-off on the playing field By, Judith B. Stamper explains girls have their own story of support or discrimination, success also the debate of girls be allowed to compete on boys’ sports team. First, the writer Title IX explains female athletes are been treated second-class for long enough and should pass of inequalities and biases of girls. The writer also clarifies that girls doing sports make them healthier, physically, and emotionally. Other girls that don’t play sports are less likely to use of drugs. In addition, she notes a former Stanford University basketball player Mariah says, strength and independence of things girls learn from sports, the opportunities that are changing women.
At this time in history, black athletes were not allowed to play major league baseball. Jackie was an amazing player. He was an excellent shortstop and had a batting average of .387. While Jackie was playing for Kansas City he was approached by the general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers. Branch wanted to sign an African American athlete to help with the pennant.
Under the management of owner Branch Rickey, the Brooklyn Dodgers was the first major league team to have a black person play for them(“Jackie Robinson.” Almanac of Famous People). Rickey had been searching for about two years trying to find the one player that would change the game. When he saw Jackie, Branch knew he would be able to produce the results he was looking for. Robinson was a very hard working athlete and was naturally blessed with athleticism.
Briefly in the late 1800s, two black players, Bud Fowler and Moses Fleetwood Walker, played alongside whites. But by 1890, Major League Baseball, like most of America, was "segregated." Until 1947, black- and brown-skinned players were in the Negro Leagues, while whites played in the Majors. In 1945, Branch Rickey, president and general manager of the Brooklyn Dodgers™, stepped forward to break baseball's color barrier.
Over 60 years ago, America began the greatest shift in its society: the Civil Rights Movement. Before this movement began, Jim Crow laws were still in effect segregating blacks in certain schools, bathrooms, and even public buses (History.com). Over time, many in the black communities grew frustrated with the Jim Crow laws, because of their effectiveness in limiting an African American’s pursuit of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. With the new emphasis on equality a new athlete was ready to make American history, and it would come on the baseball field. Jackie Robinson, Hall of Fame MLB player, become the first African-American to every play on a Major League Baseball team.
Question 1: In his article Rosenblatt’s claim that “America is its sports” presents the idea that the American dream is represented through its sports, and that sports represent American ideologies expressing self-determination, freedom of expression and equal opportunity for all. Sports are perhaps the means in which Americans silently measure their aspirations, hopes and fears. “But basketball, football and baseball are ours- derived in unspoken ways from our ambitions and inclinations, reflective of our achievements and our losses, and our souls.” (Beckelhimer 4) Rosenblatt’s choice of words in his comment “part of being American is to live without too much introspection.
Little did they know women all around the world formed a women rights movement in the late 1920’s. Women wanted to prove themselves with their protest and riots they started. It was not until the “1960’s and ’70s [women] sought equal rights and opportunities and greater personal freedom for women”, (BRITANNICA). The topic about athletic competition and how men did not find it ladylike was dropped and women were able to compete.
Sports and Civil Rights Movement By: Jake Johnson Jackie Robinson became the first black athlete to play Major League Baseball in the 20th century when he took the field for the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. After his discharge in the Army in 1944, Robinson began to play baseball professionally. The sport was segregated at the time and whites and African-Americans had different leagues. After playing couple games in the Negro league Robinson was soon chosen by Branch Rickey the president of the Brooklyn Dodgers.
A Long Negro in the Game: Jackie Robinson Professional baseball teams and other major league sports did not permit African Americans to join their teams. However, Jackie Robinson changed that when he played his first game for the New York's Brooklyn Dodgers on April 15, 1947. Early on Jackie Robinson was recognized as a well-rounded athlete. While attending the University of California at Los Angeles, Robinson was considered a star player. He won honors in baseball, football, track, basketball, and was named All-American to the football team.
Today, sport games and teams in America are made up of athletes of different races, but the situation was not always like that. Before Jackie Roosevelt Robinson stepped onto Ebbets Field in Brooklyn in 1947 to compete for the Brooklyn Dodgers, there had been no athletes of color; Jackie Robinson was the first to break the color barrier in American major league sports. Following his signing with the Brooklyn Dodgers, Robinson accomplished many feats. His path to success, however, was not easy, especially with the athlete being in the presence of vicious racial discrimination, a major issue in America during his time. Jackie Robinson faced problems at the hands of his peers as well as the people who did not want to share the sporting fields with those who are not white, but he was able to handle these problems with grace.
The white supremacy that flooded America in the 19th and early 20th century is no longer seen in the sporting world. This paper looked at sports through the lens of an individual athlete named Muhammad Ali (who definitively changed history for African-American people in the United States), as well as looked at sports as a whole throughout history. Through statistics and reports, proof has demonstrated that the sporting world has developed to give more of an opportunity for African-American athletes to compete than ever before. Athletics creates a platform that gives athletes an opportunity to be more than just an athlete. An opportunity to stand up for what they believe in and bring attention to some of the problems of the world.
Eventually this law was used to create more opportunities for women in sports. This did increase women’s participation in sports significantly, but women still faced criticism and scrutiny. Furthermore, men stereotyped women as not “being good enough” to play sports, labeling them as weak, fragile, and
“Female discrimination in sports is a common occurrence all around the world, women are seen as less than males.” (Ladrea) Equality in sports is unequal. In the 1800 women got very little attention and did not get the opportunity to play in any sport in America and all around the world. Men could go and try out for different sports teams and workout but for women they were only allowed to stay home to cook and clean. There were some events women could participate in but it could not be competitive, it was focused on getting active and staying active.