However, the ‘modernization theory’ provides a more holistic and impartial study of Korea’s modernity as it based solely on data and statistics, as opposed to a specific nation’s viewpoint. Moreover, the use of ‘exploitation theory’ for analysis, as elaborated earlier, was proved inadequate due to its inability to explain Korea’s post colonial developments. Therefore, using the ‘modernization theory’, colonialism spurred Korea’s modernity as it opened the country’s doors to the benefits of foreign
Indeed , Modernists sought to reinvent themselves and find meaning lost in the modern world . Thus , they explored psychological themes like loss , disillusionment , alienation , despair and inner strength .Also , they made use of psychological theories developed by Freud and Jung in their attempt to produce the inner works of the mind. Modernists lament the incoherence of the modern world and glorify the past. They show concerns regarding the decline of civilization .This is expressed in the wasteland poem by T.S Eliot in which he captures the historical development and laments the past .By the same token , Ulyssess induces readers to reflect on the chaos of the modern world by drawing parallels to Homer’s odyssey and the great Greek era . The great Gatsby , on the other hand , sheds light the corruption of the American dream , racism , adultery , and social class divisions .
Is it truly as Eurocentric as people claim? Modernization theory suggested that societies moved through natural stages of development as they progressed towards becoming developed societies (i.e. stable, democratic, market oriented, and capitalist) (Little, 2014). Walt W.
Rather, this term is shorthand for a variety of perspectives that were applied by non-Marxists to the Third World in the 1950s and 1960s. The dominant themes of such perspectives arose from established sociological traditions and involved the reinterpretation, often conscious, of the concerns of classical sociology. Evolutionism (with its focus on increasing differentiation), diffusionism, structural functionalism, systems theory and interactionism all combined to help form the mish-mash of ideas that came to be known as modernization theory. There were inputs from other disciplines, for example, political science, anthropology, psychology, economics and geography, and in the two decades after the Second World War such perspectives were increasingly applied to the Third World. In many respects, the beginnings of modernization theory can be traced to antiquity, when the notion of evolution was first used with reference to human society.
Finally, it will provide some criticism toward modernization and dependency theories. Modernization is defined as a process of shifting from traditional pattern of life to become modern nations, especially in terms of their industrial and political systems (Preston, 1996), and their reforms of economy, culture and society (Rapley 2002). According to Rostow (1971), modernization is also understood as westernization, a linear development process which consists of five stages of growth, including moving from traditional society to preconditions for take-off, take-off, the road to maturity, and the age of mass consumption (as cited in Mckay, 2016). It seems that this theory stemmed from main factors that are underlined in these two ideologies particularly capitalism and communism. The argument and political conflict occurred in the period of 1950 - 1960s between the two giants of USA and USSR which are very well known as notion of bipolarity (McKay, 2016).
Introduction The rise of modern capitalism has brought forward a comprehensive reformulation of Marxian theory, particularly in regards to the concept of alienation described by Marx and Engels in The Communist Manifesto (Marx and Engels, 2013: 10). The main argument to be put forward in this essay revolves around the idea that the Marxian theory of alienation is relevant for the purposes of understanding the manner in which contemporary capitalism operates. However, Marxian theory fails to explain why working people have embraced global capitalism; particularly in the Western world, where the workers have accepted the prevalence of technology and consumerism. In accordance with Marxian thinking, by doing so, they have intertwined their needs
The modernization theorists believe and argue that change is unavoidable and the transformation from traditional to modern societies will occur in a linear way. There are many ways for change to take place such as political institutions, economic institutions, technology and mass media and through education. Rostow’s modernization theory is around “five stages of economic growth” which was alternative to Marx’s theory of economic development. Rostow in his theory of modernization argues that an underdeveloped nation “take-off” toward modernity is achievable through the spread of technology and the modern economic organizations. According to Rostow, all societies, in their economics dimension are lying within one of the five categories: traditional society, pre-condition for take-off, take off, the drive to maturity and the age of high
The modernization theory is based on the concept that inequality persists because of the different level of technological development. It sees the Western countries as highly developed and wealthier, and suggesting that the poorer countries are ‘underdeveloped’ and ‘backward’. The underdeveloped countries were recommended to adopt the model of the Western countries in order to progress. Walt Rostow, a renowned scholar developed the stages of development through which every countries develops and that every countries have to go through these stages for development (Deji 2012, 15-16). However, in the pretext of modernizing the underdeveloped countries, the rich countries are utilizing and depriving resources from poorer countries.
Modernism was affected by the industrial revolution and brought about industrialization on humanity. Our society changed greatly during the period of the 19th century, and by World War I it must have seemed like the world was a truly horrifying, pretty hopeless place. Some divide the 20th Century into movements appointed Modernism and Postmodernism, whereas others see them as two things of the same movement. The first half of the nineteenth century for Europe had a number of wars and revolutions, which reveal the rise of the ideas now known as
The same pattern can be seen here, with Western policymakers believing Western ideals to be easily implemented into a new society of a different culture and history, as if the other country was soft clay waiting to be molded by Western hands. Many critics were becoming increasingly concerned with developmental intervention as the means of attaining political and global stability in light of US support of dictators like Nguyen van Thieu in South Vietnam as well as environmental and ecological damage caused by the ‘green revolution’. Thus, Latham provides a succinct, concise yet informational volume about the role of modernization theory and its impact on US foreign policy in the various countries explored. Although he relies mainly on secondary sources, primary sources have been included to substantiate his argument. His points are exceptionally salient in the contemporary age as well as the time it was written, with new threats to global security emerging sometimes directly because of reckless American intervention based on the theory of