Max Neef Theory In Food Chain

1. Human needs

1.1 Max-Neef theory

According to Max-Neef,1992, human needs are interaction of, on the one hand, the needs of being, having, doing and interacting, and, on the other hand, the needs of subsistence, protection, affection, understanding, participation, creation, leisure, identity and freedom results in the satisfiers( factors satisfying the needs). To understand human needs, some examples of this interaction will be shown below.

Subsistence needs and being needs result in mental and physical health. Protection needs with having needs are satisfied by social security, health systems, rights, family, and work. Affection with interaction needs is fulfilled by privacy, intimacy, home, spaces of togetherness. Understanding needs with

al. 2007, stated that When comparing restaurants with other factors of the food chain (such as distributors and manufacturers) restaurants have the great impact on food safety, where food is processed. People consider restaurants as key end point where food properties can be tested before being processed so the maximum safety is ensured at this stage.

The consequences of the lack of food safety standards in restaurants will cause reduced sales (after 18 weeks of the scandal in jack of the box, the restaurant reported 160$million losses), legal responsibilities (where the government may force restaurants to close for a period), the loss of the whole business and a negative publicity. Restaurants risk to lose customers if there was a lack of food safety standards; customers will shift to safer restaurant to purchase food from, or they can purchase from grocery stores ready to eat foods.

Because of the importance people give to the safety of the restaurants must implement food safety protocols in all areas such as work place sanitation, food handling, staff personal hygiene and food preparation. Consequently customers trust increase when restaurants publish their application of food safety regulations such as HACCP or employees

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Loureiro and Umberger 2005, declared that protected destination of origin PDO and Country of origin labeling COOL policies help customers to identify the food attributes according to the country of origin; quality become directly related to the source of origin.

EU policies trend to more focus on the traceability and origin of production than us policies.

In the US they were forced to implement food safety policies because of the threats of bioterrorism, BSE, and concerns about safety. In 2003 the implementation of a tracking system was a must to protect the US from diseases. Consequently, US people are willing to pay more to purchase labeled food.

According to Miljkovic et. al 2008, food safety policies aim to reduce food borne illness, death, and food–associated infections, and to change in consumers’ risk attitude and behavior.

In his study, Miljkovic et. al stated that a study was done on a sample of customers to determine their behavior regarding food safety . Those customers were to choose between well done and