Giddens Theory Of Authority
In every nation there is always what we call “Authority”. Authority is the ability to control others. There are different explanations or opinions discussed by some experts regarding authority but first, let’s take a look on Giddens’ view about the conception of modernity.
According to Anthony Giddens, “Power” is a fundamental concept in social sciences. For him, power makes a difference to the world and power is related to resources. There are 2 distinct types of resources which is related to “power”. First is Allocative Resources and second is Authoritative Resources. Allocative resources is controlling over physical things such as ownership of a factory while Authoritative resources is controlling over people’s activities.
Rules are necessary
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The first one is built upon consent. This form of bureaucracy is based upon rules that are agreed by both parties. This is considered as legitimate. The second form is punishment centred. It is based upon imposition of rules and this form is considered as illegitimate.
Michael Foucaults developed what he called the capillary model of power. This model is developed to understand the relations of power by looking at struggle and resistance. According to him there are numbers of important struggles that independent of class relation such as gender, sexuality, madness, criminal, medicine and many more. In his study he found out that people are becoming subjects for investigation for new sciences. People are being studied in medicine, psychiatry and psychology.
There are organizing principles used by Foucaults to explain how human beings become subjects. First is dividing practices second is scientific classification and subjectification. Dividing practices is a separation of those people who are considered as threats from the community. One example stated in the article is the withdrawal of lepers from the community to leper colonies during the middle ages. Until today this practice is still being done like criminals are being excluded from the community to keep the safety of the people and those who are mentally unstable are being sent to mental
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