Medieval Europe During The Middle Ages

The crusades failed in their chief goal : the conquest of the Holy land. They also left a bitter legacy of religious hatred behind them. In the middle east, both Christians and Muslims committed appalling atrocities in the name of religion. This is important because that means that there were negative impact on the crusades. This is important because the results of that are negative, this is because muslims and Christian never agreed on the

In the 1st century, Christianity spread throughout Rome causing differing views on the religion. At first Christianity was disapproved of by the upper class, then in later years it was embraced. The spread of Christianity throughout Rome eventually caused Rome to split and lead to the fall of the Roman empire. Christianity challenged the government, believing in a higher power then the Emperor. With this mindset, the government feared for it’s future in Rome and it was disapproved of, much like the Tang Emperor Wu in document 6, who stated that it will cause disorder in society.

The ottoman empire has begun to slowly disassemble within itself, for instance the religious sanction of the administration was getting corrupt, religious leaders and scholars denied and discouraged enlightenment and all that falls beneath it, be it creativity, development, thinking and being more open and free, often using Fatwas that they associated with God in hopes to force the sultan to back down from his decisions, which surprisingly worked. All of this in hopes of keeping their places as shot callers and important members of the ottoman empire. This wasn’t restricted to religious leaders only, on the contrary, elites of the military forces also often opposed and tried to steer the sultans decisions in another direction that would be favorable to them, instead of actually benefiting the society and progressing it, this lust for power and this greed for being a powerful member of the society and having influence is really what destroyed the empire from within its inner self in my opinion as it delayed, if not even stopped, development and modernization. Add to that the fact that the Sultan often removed and changed his Grand Vizier constantly throughout the year in order to prevent a betrayal and coup, further indulged the empire in instabilities due to the heads of the state themselves not being stable within the government

The Crusades even caused the relationship between Jews and Muslims to worsen. The Crusaders acts were also negative because they didn’t just destroy cities and communities, they also destroyed empires. The Crusades caused so much destruction to cities and communities, and also cost many innocent lives lost. They even fought for no reason, but to take their fury out!

The theses help make a lot of changes in the catholic church. The church was really about themselves and a lot of people and it shouldn’t be happening like that. Luther had major problems with the church’s abuse of power. He didn’t agree at all to selling indulgences at all. He thought it was wrong to do that.

Even the Byzantine Emperor, who was an Orthodox and not a Catholic, desperately begged him for aid during a chaotic state of emergency, when the Seljuk Turks overran Asia Minor or Anatolia. This sparked a series of controversial Crusades in Europe and the Middle East. The Pope held direct control of the Western Church. Harming any member of the clergy could land the assailant in death, unless he or she had a good alibi. Such excuses could include claims of corruption and the like.

The Byzantine Iconoclastic Controversy began in 726 CE when Emperor Leo III issued a decree against the worship of icons.1 This action resulted in the removal and destruction of icons in churches and monasteries.2 There had been tensions rising between the church and the state over the use of icons for some time, but the culmination of these tensions along with the pressure of Muslim armies attacking the borders of Byzantium lead to the explosive Iconoclastic Controversy. The iconoclasts ardently believed that the creation of images depicting holy people was making God angry. The iconophiles believed that these images were sacred and used them as a means of worshiping God. This theological battle lead to the meeting of several ecumenical councils in order to resolve the controversy between the church and the state. This paper will examine the arguments for and against the use of icons from iconoclasts and iconophiles in the Byzantine Empire.

The glorious revolution signified a key step into the idea democracy. It showed the colonist that a leader who they feel is corrupt or unfit can be replaced. Although this did not immediately make the colonies fight for independence from England, it did create a revolutionary spirit the

This reality was due to the Catholic Church and the Pope; they had established themselves as a powerful force as they were supposedly a person’s only way to salvation. However, as this period came around, many began to see

The growing fear of the Muslim threat caused a spark which ignited into the Second Crusade. This crusade was led by two powerful European rulers, King Louis of France and King Conrad of Germany. There was poor communication between the two leaders and their forces were largely divided, as a result they both suffered crushing defeats at the hands of the Turks. Upon failing to secure Edessa, the crusaders marched to Jerusalem to regroup. There they decided to launch an assault on Damascus, which was occupied by the Muslims at the time.

When Rome started to lose power and wars, their land decreased making trade harder to achieve. However, these changes and

Although any of the treaties passed Parliament, but one that did was called the Olive Branch Petition. When the petition was brought to King George, he was very angered; moreover, the colonists believed that his taxes were unfair. He then declared soon after that all colonists to be traitors and should be put to death posthaste. Tensions had been growing for years between the two countries, but the King’s decision to list all colonists’ traitors angered them so much they decided to create their own kind of government. This scared Britain to the point of attempting

In 1209, he was excommunicated from the church following an argument with Pope Innocent III and then returned to England where he faced a rebellion from lot of his barons, who were unhappy with many of his policies and the way he treated many of England 's most powerful nobles. They then forced John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215. The Magna Carta is a peace charter and gave the barons more power. The charter has 63 clauses. Despite the fact that these clauses are not used in British law today, the Magna Carta is still used as a symbol of

The Byzantines are very much against the Western Church. In fact, they do not even consider the Western Church to be truly Christian. In the Ottonian version of history, Pope John XII is regarded as being evil. This dislike for the Western Church is also exemplified by the instance in which envoys from Pope John XIII were thrown into jail for bearing a papal letter addressed to the "emperor of the Greeks. " The rift between the Western Church and that of Byzantine was caused by the development of Iconoclasm in the Byzantine Empire as well as the issue of the extent of control that religious leaders should have in

He opposed the king 's separation from the Catholic Church and refused to take the Oath of Supremacy, which declared the king to be the supreme head of the Church of England. He was then convicted of treason and ordered to be beheaded. His last words were, "I die the king 's