Meosis Lab Report

The idea of the experiment is to introduce the purpose of meiosis. Meiosis’s purpose is to produce the gametes of sperm and eggs, by making the daughter cells end up with exactly half of the chromosomes as the starting cell. A division process that turns diploid cells to haploid cells, in other words, take two sets of chromosomes to make a single set of chromosomes. As a result, when a sperm and egg join in fertilization, a genome is form. Meiosis has a two-step division process called meiosis I and meiosis II. Meiosis II uses the cells from meiosis I, but in the second division the sister chromatids separate, unlike the first division. In both divisions, the cells go through four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During prophase I,

A protein structure, synaptonemal complex holds the homologues together during the crossing-over. The crossovers result in recombination, which is the process by which DNA is broken and recombine to make new combinations of alleles. In prophase II, the chromosomes condense and the centrosomes move apart. As it moves apart, the sister chromatids are captured by microtubules. As prophase I ends, the synaptonemal complex breaks down, therefore chiasmata come to hold the homologues together. Next, in metaphase I, the homologue pairs are line up ready to be separated, with the sister chromatids staying attach. The same goes for metaphase II. When the homologous pairs line up, the orientation of each pair is random, called independent assortment. Independent assortment is the orientation of one homologue pair that does not affect the way the other chromosomes are oriented. In anaphase I and II the homologues are pulled to opposite ends, but in anaphase I the sister chromatids remain attach. In anaphase II, the sister chromatids separate to opposite poles. Finally, in telophase I and II, the chromosomes are at opposite