One thousand, one hundred and thirty-eight students from Brock University, registered in a Foundations of Psychology first year course, participated in this study. Measures The metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) Scoring Guide was used to measure metacognitive knowledge (17 items) and metacognitive regulation (35 items), with 8 cognitive skills separated under each category. (1) Declarative knowledge (2) procedural knowledge and (3) conditional knowledge fell under knowledge about cognition. (4) Planning (5) information management strategies, (6) comprehension monitoring, (7) debugging strategies, and (8) evaluation fell under regulation of cognition. The MAI consisted of 52 items, to which a participant can either answer true or false. There was also an uncertainty score scale, ranging from 0 – 100, in which participants select a value that corresponds to how certain they in their performance, after completing a task. Procedure Each participant was given the MAI and asked to complete it, by answering either true or false for all 52 items. Each item answered true would receive a score of 1 and each item answered false would receive 0. Each of the 52 items …show more content…
An uncertainty value closer to zero suggested an individual being more certain about his/her performance, while a value closer to 100 suggested high uncertainties about his/her performance. The MAI scores for knowledge of cognition ranged from 1 to 17, 1 showing little cognitive knowledge and 17 demonstrating high knowledge (M = 12.8, SD = 2.6). The MAI score 2, or regulation of cognition scores, ranged from 2, showing little regulation, to 35, showing high cognitive regulation (M = 24.1, SD = 4.7). Finally, the overall MAI score ranged from 12, showing lower metacognitive ability, and 52, displaying very high cognitive ability (M = 37.0, SD = 6.1). These results are summarized in Table
• List your major activities pertaining to the Title V program for this reporting period and relate to the specific yearly objective(s). Psychology data collection was one of the main activities for this report period. The end of the grant is coming, and Marcy and I are collection data that will help to demonstrate how successful the grant has been. The psychology data collection, which includes GPA and student retention from fall is one of the grant objectives for year five.
In chapter 7 the main topics that were discussed were thinking, language and intelligence. The aspect of cognition is defined as the mental activities involved in acquiring, retaining and using knowledge. Thinking involves be to manipulate internal, mental representation of information to be able to draw inferences and conclusions. With thinking there are two kinds of mental representation present which are, mental images and concepts. There are also types of concepts that are used with thinking.
Dr. Derek Cabrera’s thought on metacognition, human and education is absorbing. He shares perspectives on four universal thinking skills: Distinctions; “Systems; Relationships; and Perspectives (DSRP)” that should be taught in learning institutions. Dr. Cabrera states, “Thinking is simply a process of structuring information and doing something meaningful with it.” Dr. Cabrera also argues that people lack critical analytical thinking, great at school work, but not real life situation. Education needs to be fixed from the bottom up; that can be accomplished by teaching thinking skills.
John Flavell originated the term metacognition in the late 1970’s. He defined this, in its basic meaning, as “thinking about thinking”. Over the years the components and definitions have been outlined and expanded upon. Metacognition is divided into two components that include knowledge about thinking and the regulation of thoughts and, both of these components are broken down into three more areas. First we’ll review what knowledge of thinking means.
“The Wechsler scales, like the Binet and other tests, measure intellectual performance as a multidimensional construct.” ("Wechsler Intelligence Scales,"
In today’s society people often correlate test scores and percentages to how intelligent a person is. Although, I believe intelligence is also a mix of experiences, I strive to control what people judge me on, which is calculated numbers.
Discuss the methodological and ethical issues which are apparent in this study. How have the findings impacted the psychological field? One methodological issue with the Bain et al refrigerator study is that type of experiment used. Having used a laboratory experiment, all variables were under strict control and this does not reflect the true nature of the situation the children were placed in. Children trapped inside a refrigerator would not escape by pressing a panel on the floor, thus the experiment has features which do not reflect an accurate representation of a real life situation (Bain et al, 1958).
In the article, the author addresses the steps needed to successfully implement the taxonomy thinking skills, including: Teachers should be familiar with the thinking skills, teachers should identify student needs, and teachers should choose the most relevant skills according to content, curriculum, and developmental levels. Burns addresses the four major thinking skills categories, Analytical Reasoning Skills, Critical Thinking
Lezak M.D, Howieson D.B, Loring D.W. (Eds.). (2004.). Neuropsychological Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.
This assignment includes; Strengths, examples and weaknesses of the following psychological research; Bandura et al, Skinner & Loftus and Palmer. In order discuss and come to a conclusion as to why ecological validity is important in psychological research. It is important to note that; Ecological validity is the degree to which behaviours reflect the behaviours of everyday life. In Chapter 3 Bandura et al demonstrated whether children were witnesses to an aggressive display of play.
Likewise, the Multiple Intelligence (MI) theory is also a very useful model for developing any systematic approach for nurturing and training learners and respecting their individual needs and strengths within a classroom setting. According to Emmer and Evertson (2009) multiple intelligence aids teachers in easily creating more personalized and diversified instructional experiences. It offers the teachers to help students become empowered by extending and promoting cognitive bridging techniques based on the seven intelligences, by fostering in them a deep metacognitive understanding and advancing suggestions for a broad array of skills and techniques to deal with different types of learners. This theory is summarized by Howard Gardner in his book Frames of Mind (2006) namely: Linguistcs, Logical Mathematical, Spatial, Musical, Bodily Kinesthetic, Interpersonal, and Intrapersonal. Using these techniques can help create ‘instructional bridges’ into difficult concepts.
Rachel Danzig AP Psychology Dr. Eisen August 20, 2015 I. Psychology’s History A. Psychology’s Roots 1. Prescientific Psychology a. Socrates and his student Plato stated that the human mind is separate from the body and our knowledge is born within us b. Aristotle, Plato’s student, disagreed, concluding that knowledge can not be preexisting and we grow it from our experiences within our memories c. In the 1600s Rene Descartes believed that the mind can survive the body’s death and our brain holds animal spirits in its fluid and flow from the brain through nerves enabling reflexes d. In 1620 Francis Bacon established that humans functioned around order and patterns e. Adding to Bacon’s ideas was John
Since the spread of formal schooling and education in human societies, fostering cognitive abilities, such as understanding, reasoning, critical thinking, creativity, problem-solving and judgment has been highlighted [1]. Problem-solving is an essential skill in today’s life [2]. Problem-solving is a goal-directed thinking [3]. It is a mental process, some logical, orderly, intellectual thinking that helps cope with problems, search several solutions and choose the best solution [4]. According to Moshirabadi, problem-solving is a systematic process and a problem-focused situation analysis that indicates the ability of individuals to overcome obstacles and to achieve goals.
Psychology is defined as “the scientific study of the mind and behavior” (Introduction to Psychology, 2015). Psychology provides an overview of biology and behavior, sensation and perception, learning, memory, intelligence, language, motivation, emotion, abnormal psychology, and therapy (PSY 102 Course Syllabus, 2018, pg 1). Because psychology allows for a better understanding of how the mind and body work, this knowledge can be beneficial for any field of study or career. The theoretical and practical understanding of the basics of psychology can help with decision-making, critical thinking, stress management, time management, better understanding of others, improving communication, and even achieving goals and objectives, all components that allow someone to be more successful throughout their life. Throughout this course I hope to gain a greater understanding of historical and theoretical perspectives of human behavior and development (PSY 102 Course Syllabus, 2018, pg 2).
Evolve into Having Self-Awareness Being self-aware simply means that you have a keen understanding of your own personality. That includes your positive and negative traits, your thoughts and beliefs, your feelings, and your inspiration. It would be easier for you to understand others when you are self-aware. You will also be able to tell how they see you in return. Most people believe that they have a good sense of self-awareness, but it would be best to check at a comparative scale to see where you fall on it in contrast with others.