Methodological And Ethical Issues In Psychology

"The Power of Situations”, by Lee Ross and Richard E. Nisbett, explains to the reader that the way humans respond to a situation is looked at wrong by most individuals. The authors tell how most people look at the wrong side of situations. On most occasions people look to see who the situation is happening to, instead of focusing on the situation itself and the proper responses that one would expect to see. The information in this passage would be most relevant to a student pursuing a psychology degree. Although, it could be read with purpose by anyone with interests in psychology. The authors provide accurate and significant information, while giving a great interpretation for the reader to understand.

Rind, Bauserman, and Tromovitch’s (1998) meta-analysis of childhood sexual abuse was controversial and challenging to read. The article challenged many of my preconceived notions about how trauma is manifested in children who have been sexually assaulted. There is a very wide range of incidents that could fall under the umbrella that is considered childhood sexual assault. This wide range could potentially cause a large margin of error in findings of research on effects of childhood sexual assault. However, I would disagree with Rind et al. (1998) when they say that abuse to a child is not always harmful. A child could internalize their emotional responses to abuse or could be provided with adequate mental health treatment, which could ease

There have been numerous studies performed, both in the past and present, that provide researchers with information in the field of psychology. Many of these studies involve human participants, such as classic studies like the Strange Situation, the Study of Obedience, and the Stanford Prison Experiment. While there are potential benefits to including human participants in psychological research, the ethics behind the involvement of people in such studies, including the abovementioned studies, can be a controversial topic (Youngpeter 1). While there are both advantages and disadvantages to most things in life, it is my position that involving people in psychological research is a positive thing that can provide researchers and even everyday

Researchers can 't ethically create situations in which human babies are deprived of basic needs and attachments to learn about motor, physical, language, and social development. However, when circumstances create those terrible situations in the world, much can be learned by studying those involved.

In Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the tale of a mad scientist is told who surpasses the limits of science and what is typically considered to be possible for man to achieve. One of the many underlying stories, though, can be seen in the monster who is created and then brought to life at the beginning of the novel. The monster’s development throughout the novel begins with initially being rejected and neglected by his creator Victor Frankenstein. The monster turns aggressive soon after and seeks revenge on Frankenstein’s family, killing off each one, one at a time. These actions are obviously very unlike that of an average human child, but when you look at his horrendous acts as being in response to negligence by a parental figure, they can

The Belmont Report was written to protect human subjects in research studies. This report led to the creation of the Institutional Review Board Guidebook, which was last updated in 1993 (IRB Guidebook, 1993). Protection for human subjects began with the Nuremberg Code when judging the human experimentation done by the Nazis (IRB Guidebook, 1993). Other studies had been conducted using human subjects that led to the Belmont Report. One such unethical study is Johnson’s Monster Study that was conducted in 1939 on a group of orphans (Reynolds, 2003) that violated the Institutional Review Board guidelines, and should not be repeated.

Main Idea: The article opens with The Department of Health and Human Services issuing guidelines to assist parents in suppressing their children’s imaginations. Inauthentic child safety experts later proclaim that imagination is linked to severe physical injuries in

Children are extremely vulnerable and can be exposed to all different kinds of harm on a daily basis. Due to this practitioners have to do their utmost to protect them from any risks while the child is in their care in the setting. Potential risks to children in the setting include:

In the contemporary times, great importance is given to the significance of early years of a child’s life. It is widely acknowledged now-a-days that the early childhood years are a predominantly receptive phase in the developmental process. This stage is responsible to lay a foundation in early days and later years for cognitive functioning, learning process, physical wellbeing, and self-regulatory capacities in both personal and social lives. In simple words, “the period from birth to age 5 is one of opportunity and vulnerability for healthy physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development” (Karoly, Kilburn & Cannon, 2005). However, it is also a fact that many children go through several stressors during their developmental years due to which their healthy development may be impaired. For this reason, early childhood intervention programs are devised for the mitigation of the possible factors that threaten children’s positive outcomes. Such intervention programs also play a major role in supporting parents and families of the children. These programs may provide support through learning activities or further planned

Research Question: Why does the United States fail to acknowledge the population of homeless veterans in the country?

In theory, every child has a right to a safe and violence free childhood. In reality, that may not be the case. Last year, in North America alone, over sixty percent of children are exposed to physical abuse in their homes, schools or communities. From the ages 5-11, children are in their primary stage of development, any kind of abuse would lead to severe and long lasting effects or traumas. In order for them to be able to overcome their traumas and live a productive life, they would most likely have to endure some form of therapy or counseling. This pattern is clearly shown through the novels Slaughterhouse-Five and Fifth Business. In Slaughterhouse-Five, Billy Pilgrim, the protagonist of the novel, is exposed to early childhood abuse from

The age of accountability or the “age of innocence” is a term that refers to children being an inappropriate age to face consequences for their actions. In the story of the six year old male student bringing a weapon to school and shooting his classmate, our legal system claims that he is of an age that will not allow him to face legal repercussions. In this case study, examples of why this theory of innocence in children younger than 7 is a legitimate stance will be discussed. Most states have provisions for determining how a crime was tried in the state. In 16 states, the minimum age for seeing juveniles in a criminal court was fourteen years of age. In Vermont and Kansas the minimum age requirement is ten years of age. All of this being

Topic sentence: Some parents claim that the only way for their children to behave properly is through physical discipline.

Anatomically Detailed (AD) dolls were suggested by Boat and Everson (1986) as a memory aid to interviewing young children to recollect their experience of abuse. Though helpful, this method cannot definitely prove whether abuse took place or not. These dolls were also used in the Wee Care School and this method can support the investigations but cannot conclusively prove if abuse occurred. A comprehensive interview technique was developed by Raskin and Esplin in 1991, known as “Statement Validity Analysis" (SVA). The interview is conducted in three stages. In the first stage, the child is asked to talk about his or her experience of sexual abuse by a therapist or interviewer who may ask probe or cue questions, apart from direct questions. No aids are used. In the second stage, CBCA or Criteria Based Content Analysis is used to study the statements recorded for content and motives. In the third stage, the Validity Checklist studies the psychology of the child being questioned; the interview process of the child and the therapist; the motivational issues in the case and the interview questions. The detailed analysis would help in removing bias or distortion of data. (Raskin and Esplin ,1991) In the Kelly Michaels

The study comprised a ten-year-old boy by the name Jay that had previously been diagnosed with autism. Other four students and teachers were also included in the study. Trained observers were also present to record the observed behavior for further analysis. The experimenter was also present and initiated further data collection procedures by interviewing the 16