Methyl Ester Lab Report

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oil mole ratio (1:6 to 1:24). The synthesis of methyl esters were achieved by an autoclave nitrogen pressurized reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a thermocouple.42 A maximum yield (97%) of methyl ester was obtained at a temperature of 180 °C, 1:15 molar ratio of methanol and oil for a reaction period of 2 hours. The 3 wt% of catalyst amount and 350-360 min-1 agitation speed were fixed respectively to obtain good yields.
2.13. Esterification of free fatty acids in crude palm oil
The production of biodiesel from the crude palm oil by the conventional method, using the homogeneous base catalyst contains large amounts of free fatty acid and it also results in the soap formation and thereby reducing the yield of biodiesel. To overcome these problems the free fatty acids need to be esterified to their esters by using an acid catalyst prior to alkaline catalysed transesterification. The sulfated metal oxide was found to be the best catalyst for this purpose due to its high acidic …show more content…

At the temperatures 400, 500, and 600 °C, the so prepared sulfated tin oxide catalysts were calcinated. These catalysts were analyzed in the solvent free synthesis of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin from ethylacetoacetate:resorcinol (molar ratio 2: 1) at 120 °C by using the Pechmann condensation methodology.49 The FT-IR spectra in pyridine of these catalysts clearly indicated the existance of the Lewis acid sites and the Bronsted acid sites on the surface of the catalyst. It was also observed that the percentage of yield of product increased with increase in the acidity of the catalyst surface. By mainitaining a calcination temperature of 400 °C and 25 weight percentage sulfate content a maximum yield of the 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin was obtained as shown in the Scheme

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