1.1. Background and aims of the essay Michel Foucault spent much of the later part of his investigation on the idea of the 'The ethics of the care of the self. ' He expound such care as using one 's personal motives to discover who one is. Foucault takes on a different outlook on this subject, and investigates his focus on finding out who one is. "Q. First of all, I would like ask what is the focus of your current thinking on the hermeneutics of the subject? M.F. I have tried to find out how the human subject fits into certain games of truth, whether they were truth games that take the form of a science or refer to a scientific model, or truth games such as those one may encounter in institutions or practices of control."(Rabinow 1997:281) …show more content…
The art of living, according to Foucault in this perception means that one 's most important motive is to be like no one else. Foucault generated new feasibilities for life. Our objectives are affected by power relations in which we exist. Even though power comes through individuals we are not always in control. Power creates subjects. Foucault proclaims that we are products of the self. We are in relation to ourselves and we take action. Foucault was fascinated by what one or a group has to suppress and reject to form a positive conception of itself. He believed that our conception of ourselves as subjects depends on controlling or excluding whole classes of people who do not fit our enlightened category of "normal”. The same devices we use to understand and control these marginalised groups are also essential to understanding and controlling "normal” individuals. (Rabinow 1994: …show more content…
Many times I wonder about my after life. Reason being, I am religious. But thinking about my after life I have more freedom to dream and the self becomes real to me. There would be nothing influencing the self in heaven, maybe then I 'll be perfect. But what is perfect? What is the perfect self? In real life we are so limited to freely thinking, because we are trapped in a ferocious system with stringent rules. I imagine there to be more space to discovery the self and to reflect on the self in immortality. “You have to take care of yourself: it is you who takes care and then you take care of something which is the same things as yourself, as the subject who takes care.” ‘Care of the self’ is therefore to be understood in both possible senses, according to both the subjective and the objective genitive – the self is both that which does the caring and the object of that same care." (Rosenberg 2007:
French?” (Washuta 1). This question made Washuta very relatable, opening up her audience to her argument and the importance of self-discovery. All of these literary techniques elevated Washuta ’s essay, improving the theme and tone, and making her argument
Frenchie's internal struggle represents the challenges many individuals face when confronting their place in society and the sacrifices they must make to protect what they hold dear, even in the face of intimidating
Athena Kennedy Philosophy Professor Berendzen Kant vs. Foucault December 1, 2015 Kant vs. Foucault Humans question their surroundings every day, weather it is “is how I am acting the way I want to portray myself,” “am I doing the right thing in this situation?” All questions can and should be debated, In philosophy we find new ways to questions everything, weather it is another’s opinion or our own, we form new ways of thinking critically and new ways to obtain answers that will satisfy our thirst for knowledge. Philosophers believe that you need to be able to question everything because there is always new knowledge out there for us to absorb and to question. In critical thinking you evaluate an issue you believe is present in order
As people get older, they start to wonder about what happens after death. Is it heaven, is it an afterlife, is it an endless void of nothing, a spirit realm, the purest place you can go to, a place where everything is perfect and just as it used to be, a peaceful place of rest before heaven? No one truly knows where you go until death but at that point, there is no way for us to know what is to come. So how would one know when they’ve died and reached heaven? Since no one knows, many people choose to follow certain religions to help prepare for what is to come after death and hope that the religion they follow is true and will end them up in their version of heaven.
Perhaps Sartre 's obscure way of thinking can be traced back to his childhood - he was a small and cross-eyed little boy who generally did not fit in with the “ordinary” children. The way that he was treated and viewed by others forced Sartre, at an early age, to view people, thoughts,
Cognitive Dissonance Theory was developed by social psychologist Leon Festinger. The theory was first introduced in his 1957 book A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance and further elaborated in the article Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance (Festinger and Carlsmith, 1959). Cognitive Dissonance refers to the discomfort that is felt when a person has two beliefs that conflict with each other, or when they are engaging in a behavior that conflicts with their values. The theory proposes that this discomfort motivates people to relieve the tension in one of two ways: (1) by changing their beliefs to align with their behavior; or (2) by changing their behavior to align with their beliefs (Oduh, 2016). Crucial to the theory is the idea that cognitive dissonance always results in some kind of change.
Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison Wanchen Xie Introduction on the author Michel Foucault was born on October 15, 1926 in Poitiers, France. He wrote a great many works which influenced the philosophy and sociology deeply, for instance, Madness and Civilization. Not only was Foucault an intellectual and philosopher, but he was a political activist as well. He got involved in various protests and campaigns, say, against the war in Algeria, against social issues, as well as prison reform. He got involved in the prison reform in France and visited prisons in America as well.
MICHEL FOUCAULT ON SEXUALITY Michel Foucault was a French philosopher, philologist and social theorist. He made discourses on the relationship between power and knowledge and about how they are utilized as a form of social control through social establishments. This essay talks about Michel Foucault’s discourse on sexuality. He put forward his theory of the history of sexuality.
The autobiography, The Confessions of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, provides a vivid insight into the complicated, yet exhilarating, life of Rousseau. The beginning of his life was filled with misfortunes, such as the death of his mother which was quickly followed by a distraught and self-sabotaging attitude which his father adopted. This led to his father’s involvement in illegal behaviors and the subsequent abandonment of Rousseau. His mother’s death was the catalyst for his journey to meet multiple women who would later affect his life greatly. The Influence of Miss Lamberciers, Madame Basile, Countess de Vercellis, and Madam de Warens on the impressionable adolescent mind of Rousseau led to the positive cultivation of self-discovery and the creation of new experiences, as well as the development of inappropriate sexual desires and attachments towards women.
[hook] During the eighteenth century, after the revolution, a famous author, Rousseau, wrote an essay “Confession”, where he explored himself, even the most embarrassing moments he experienced, by telling readers how he behaved and exposing how he felt in that way. As he said readers should not feel shame of or blame him of what he did. Even we should encourage and send applause to him because his confession is not only about how he acted in the society but also what it did to him. Instead of judging him, the more valuable thing is to understand what motivated his action. Here is an interesting story in his life that he stole the ribbon and framed Marion.
Based on Stuart Hall’s (2006) discussion of Foucault’s theory of discourse, a discourse is generally consisting of a group of statements that together offer a way of talking about a par-ticular knowledge on a certain topic. Many individuals can produce it together, in different institutional settings. The discourse thereby enables the construction of a topic in a specific way which at the same time limits other constructions of the same topic. A discourse is made up not only from one but a multiplicity of statements that all share the same style to talk about the same topic. However, it is not a closed off system, it draws statements from and into other discourses.
This is a fatal event in Rousseau’s mind as unlike ‘the savage’ who ‘lives in himself’, an individual in society ‘is always outside himself and knows how to live only in the opinion of others’. Very unlike the Hobbesian war-like state of nature where ‘vainglory’ cause people to act like barbarous beasts, Rousseau argues that egocentrism derives solely from social interaction believing that his predecessors were projecting ideas of modern corruption onto the state of nature. Therefore, Rousseau’s analysis of moral psychology reveals how humans have become duplicitous and false through socialisation as the foundations of competition and bettering people are laid and consequently, a ‘desire for inequality’ governs the
Scanning through his past several years, he returns to his mother’s death and analyzes her choice to seek a lover at the end of her life. While before he thought it was strange and even somewhat aggravating, he realizes now, being so close to death, that people will enter a desperate search for meaning when their time left is fleeting. But at the same time, he reasons potentially as a coping mechanism, there is no difference whether he dies by execution later that day or in 40 years because he will be dying all the same. Together, these two realizations, though somewhat contradictory, create his bridge to Existentialism. By establishing these two points, he can allow himself to, “open up to the gentle indifference of the world - finding it so much like himself”(122), and apply whatever meaning he wants to life in order to make it as rich and enjoyable as desired, rather than drifting along as a pitiful being waiting for some greater power to guide him along.
Foucault describes the notion of disciplinary power as a modern form of power which can be described as being productive rather than repressive (Hook, 2004). This is done in the sense of ‘bring things into being’, and producing both the discipline of psychology as knowledge as well as subjective effects. Subject effects include individuality and the soul (Hook, 2004). Hook (2004) further states that disciplinary power is related to a set of techniques, these being certain assessments and procedures that treat subjects while measuring and monitoring them. This is done so as to normalise deviant subjects further.
There is such a variety of definitions regarding discourse that make it difficult to stick to one definition, therefore the context to which discourse is used is helpful to narrowing down a less diverse definition. Michel Foucault (philosopher, social theorist and literary critic) used various definitions of discourse at separate instances. The rough definition that Foucault suggests for Discourse is ‘the general domain of all statements’. He also defines discourse as an adapted cluster of statements, which could relate to the distinct structures in discourse. Discourse has to do with distinguishing groups of statements which are controlled in a way that they match and reach a mutual effect.